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Chapter One Government Vocab
basic terms.
29
Political Studies
12th Grade
02/01/2011

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Term
government
Definition
the legitimate use of force to control human behavior; also, the organization or agency authorized to exercise that force.
Term
globalization
Definition
the increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world.
Term
national sovereignty
Definition
a political entity’s externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.
Term
order
Definition
established ways of social behavior. Maintaining order is the oldest purpose of government.
Term
liberalism
Definition
the belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits.
Term
communism
Definition
a political system in which ownership of all land and productive facilities is in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared. The production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government.
Term
public goods
Definition
benefits and services such as parks and sanitation that benefit all citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals.
Term
freedom OF
Definition
an absence of constraints on behavior.
Term
freedom OF
Definition
an absence of constraints on behavior.
Term
freedom FROM
Definition
immunity.
Term
political equality
Definition
equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all votes counted equally.
Term
political equality
Definition
equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all votes counted equally.
Term
social equality
Definition
equality in wealth, education and status.
Term
equality of opportunity
Definition
the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life.
Term
equality of outcome or result
Definition
the concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved.
Term
rights
Definition
the benefits of government to which every citizen is entitled.
Term
political ideology
Definition
a consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government.
Term
totalitarianism
Definition
a political philosophy that dvocates unlimited power for the government to enable it to control all sectors of society.
Term
socialism
Definition
a form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and direction the economy, although it does allow some private ownership of productive capacity.
Term
democratic socialism
Definition
a socialist form of government that guarantees civil liberties such as freedom of speech and religion. Citizens determine the extent of government activity through free elections and competitive political parties.
Term
capitalism
Definition
the system of government that favors free enterprise (privately owned businesses operating without government regulation).
Term
libertarianism
Definition
a political ideology that is opposed to all government action except as necessary to protect life and property.
Term
libertarians
Definition
those who are opposed to using government to promote either order or equality. (liberal--social issues; conservative--economic issues)
Term
laissez-faire
Definition
an economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention in business.
Term
anarchist
Definition
a political philosophy that opposes government in any form.
Term
conservatives
Definition
those who are willing to use government to promote order but not equality. They want a lot of government on social matters, but not very much on economic matters.
Term
liberals
Definition
those who are willing to use government to promote equality but not order. A lot of government with economic issues, less government on social issues.
Term
communitarians
Definition
those who are willing to use government to promote both order and equality. (liberal--economic issues; conservative--social issues)
Term
police power
Definition
the power of the government to safeguard us.
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