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Chapter IV Terms
Vocabulary and terms on Chaper IV of Elementary Statistics
20
Mathematics
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2010

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Term
Probability
Definition
The chance of an event occurring.
Term
Probability Experiment
Definition
A chance process that leads to well-defined results called outcomes.
Term
Outcome
Definition
The result of a single trial of a probability experiment.
Term
Sample Space
Definition
The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment.
Term
Tree Diagram
Definition

A device consisting of line segments emanating from a starting point and also from the outcome point.

 

It is used to determine all possible outcomes of a probability experiment.

Term
Event
Definition
A set of outcomes of a probability experiment.
Term
Compound Event
Definition
Consists of two or more outcomes or simple events.
Term
Classical Probability
Definition
Uses sample spaces to determine the numerical probability that an event will happen.
Term
Equally Likely Events
Definition
Events that have the same probability of occurring.
Term
Empirical Probability
Definition
Probability that relies on actual experience to determine the likelihood of outcomes.
Term
Law of Large Numbers
Definition
When empirical probability approaches closer to classical probability due to a higher number of trials.
Term
Subjective Probability
Definition
Probability based on an educated guess or estimate, employing opinions and inexact information.
Term
Mutually Exclusive Events
Definition

When two events cannot occur at the same time.

 

(i.e., they have no outcomes in common)

Term
Independent Events
Definition
If event A does not effect the probability of event B occurring.
Term
Dependent Events
Definition
When the outcome or occurrence of the first event affects the outcome or occurrence of the second event in such a way that the probability is changed.
Term
Conditional Probability
Definition
Event B occurs after event A has already occurred.
Term
Complement of an Event
Definition

The chances of the opposite of what you're trying to find are. 

 

(You want to roll an odd number, the complement is the chances of rolling even)

Term
Fundamental Counting Rule
Definition
A sequence of n events where the first one has k1 possibilities multiplied by all other possibilities (k2, k3, k4, ect.)
Term
Permutation
Definition
An arrangement of n objects in a specific order.
Term
Combination
Definition
A selection of n objects without regard to order.
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