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Chapter Five
PSU Microbiology 107 Chapter five terms
23
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
02/20/2010

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Term
Metabolism
Definition
The sum of the chemical reactions in an organism
Term
Catabolism
Definition
Provides energy and building blocks for anabolism
Term
Anabolism
Definition
Uses energy and building blocks to build large molecules
Term
Metabolic Pathway
Definition
Is a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell
Term
Collision Theory
Definition
States that chemical reactions can occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide
Term
Activation energy
Definition
Is needed to disrupt electronic configarations
Term
Reaction rate
Definition
Is the frequency of collisions with enough energy to bring about a reaction. Can be increased by enzymes.
Term
Apoenzyme
Definition
Protein
Term
Cofactor
Definition
Nonprotein component
Term
Holoenzyme
Definition
Apoenzyme plus cofactor
Term
Turnover number
Definition
Is generally 1 to 10,00 molecules per second
Term
Oxidoreductase
Definition
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Term
Transferase
Definition
Transfer functional groups
Term
Hydrolase
Definition
Hydrolysis
Term
Lyase
Definition
Removal of atoms without hydrolysis
Term
Isomerase
Definition
Rearrangement of atoms
Term
Ligase
Definition
Joining of molecules, uses ATP
Term
Ribozymes
Definition
RNA that cuts and splices RNA
Term
Oxidation
Definition
Removal of electrons
Term
Reductions
Definition
Gain of electrons
Term
Redox reaction
Definition
An oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction
Term
Aerobic respiration
Definition
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen
Term
Anaerobic respiration
Definition
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not oxygen. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operates under anaerobic conditions
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