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Chapter Five Vocabulary
p. 155
18
Chemistry
10th Grade
11/12/2008

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Term
Actinide
Definition
The 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103.
Term
Lanthanide
Definition
The 14 elements from with atomic numbers from 58 to 71.
Term
Periodic Law
Definition
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
Term
Periodic Table
Definition
The arragement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group.
Term
Alkali Metals
Definition
The elements of group 1 in the perioidc table (lithium, sodium, potassium, ubidium, cesium, and francium
Term
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Definition
The elements of Group 2 in the periodic table (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium)
Term
Halogens
Definition
The elements of group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, asatine)
Term
Main-Group Elements
Definition
The p-block elements together with the s-block elements.
Term
Transition Elements
Definition
The d-block elements are metals with typical metallic properties and are often referred to as
Term
Anion
Definition
A negative ion.
Term
Atomic Radius
Definition
One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together.
Term
Cation
Definition
A positive ion.
Term
Electron Affinity
Definition
The energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom.
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
The measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.
Term
Ion
Definition
An atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
Term
Ionization
Definition
Any process that results in the formation of an ion.
Term
Ionization Energy
Definition
The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element.
Term
Valence Electrons
Definition
The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds.
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