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Definition
| Psychological conflict of the preschool years. Young children have a new sense of purposefulness. They are eager to tackle new tasks, join in activities with peers, and discover what they can do with the help of adults. They also make strides in conscience development. |
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Term
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Definition
| The set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is. |
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Definition
| The judgement we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgements. |
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Term
| Prosocial, or altruistic, behavior |
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Definition
| actions that benefit another person without any expected reward for the self. |
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Definition
| feelings of concern or sorrow for another's plight. |
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Definition
| unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play |
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Term
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Definition
| Play in which a child plays near other children with similar materials but does not try to influence their behavior. |
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Definition
| A form of true social interaction in which children engage in separate activites but exchange toys and comment on one another's behavior. |
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Definition
| A more advanced type of interaction in which children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe theme. |
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Definition
| A type of discipline in which an adult helps the child notice feelings by pointing out the effects of the child's misbehavior on others. |
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Definition
| Removing children from the immediate setting until they are ready to act appropriately. |
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Definition
| Protects people's rights and welfare. |
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Definition
| customs determined solely by consensus, such as table manners. |
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Term
| Matters of personal choice |
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Definition
| Matters which do not violate rights. They are not socially regulated and are up to the individual, such as choice of friends and color of clothing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of aggression in which children want an object, privilege, or space and, in trying to get it, push, shout at, or otherwise attack a person who is in the way. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of aggression which means to hurt another person |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of aggression that harms others through physical injury- pushing, hitting, kicking, or punching others or destroying another's property. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of aggression that harms others through threats of physical aggression, name-calling, or hostile teasing. |
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Definition
| A form of aggression that damages another's peer relationships through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship manipulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any association of objects, activities, roles, or traits with one sex or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes. |
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Term
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Definition
| an image of oneself as relatively masculine or feminine in characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Scoring high on both masculine and feminine personality characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| The understanding that sex is biologically based and remains the same even if clothing, hairstyle, and play activities change. |
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Term
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Definition
| An information processing approach to gender typing that combines social learning and cognitive-developmental features. It explains how enviromental pressures and children's cognitions work together to shape gender-role development. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combinations of parenting behaviors that occur over a wide range of situations, creating an enduring child-rearing climate. |
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Term
| Authoritative Child-rearing style |
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Definition
| The most successful approach to child-rearing-- involves high acceptance and involvement, adaptive control techniques, and appropriate autonomy granting. |
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Term
| Authoritarian Child Rearing Style |
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Definition
| A child rearing school that is low in acceptance and involvement, high in coercive control, and low in autonomy granting. |
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Term
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Definition
| When parents implementing an authoritarian parenting style intrude and manipulate children's verbal expression, individuality, and attachments to parents. |
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Term
| Permissive Child-rearing style |
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Definition
| A child-rearing style that is warm and accepting, but uninvolved. These parents are either overindulging or inattentive. They engage in little control of their child's behavior, and they allow children to make many of their own decisions at an age when they are not yet capable of doing so. |
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Term
| Uninvolved child-rearing style |
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Definition
| A child-rearing style that combines low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to autonomy granting. |
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