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| create a new opening into the bladder |
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| incision into the bladder |
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| surgical repair of the bladder |
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| rapid bleeding from bladder |
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| instrument used to visually examine the bladder |
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| surgical crushing of a stone |
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| incision to remove a stone |
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| create a new opening into the kidney |
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| surgical fixation of kidney |
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| condition of kidney stones |
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| X-ray record of the renal pelvis |
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| renal pelvis inflammation |
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| surgical repair of the renal pelvis |
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| specialist in the urinary system |
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| study of the urinary system |
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| rapid bleeding from the urethra |
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| instrument to visually examine the urethra |
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| instrument to measure urine |
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| albumin (protein) in the urine |
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| nitrogenous waste in the urine |
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| condition of difficult or painful urination |
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| condition of sugar in the urine |
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| condition of blood in the urine |
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| condition of frequent nighttime urination |
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| condition of scanty amount of urine |
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| condition of (too) much urine |
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| condition of pus in the urine |
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| complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion |
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| a stone formed within an organ by an accumulation of mineral salts; found in the kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra |
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| increaed formation and secretion of urine |
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| involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder control should have been established; this usually occurs by the age of 5; also called bed wetting at night |
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| Escherichia coli (E. coli) |
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| normal bacteria found in the intestinal tract; the most common cause of lower urinary tract infections due to improper hygiene after bowel movements |
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| a greater-than-normal occurrence in the urge to urinate, without an increase in the total daily volume of urine; -- is an indicaiton of inflammation of the bladder or urethra |
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| a decrease in the force of the urine stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow; it is often a symptom of a blockage along the urethra, such as an enlarged prostate gland |
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| another term for urination |
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| pain caused by a kidney stone; can be an excruciating pain and generally requires medical treatment |
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| narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system |
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| accumulation of waste products (especially nitrogenous wastes) in the bloodstream; associated with renal failure |
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| feeling the need to urinate immediately |
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| involuntary release of urine; in some patients an indwelling catheter is inserted into the bladder for continuous urine drainage |
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| an inability to fully empty the bladder, often indicates a blockage in the urethra |
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| acute tubular necrosis (ATN) |
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| damage to the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria |
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| bladder neck obstruction (BNO) |
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| blockage of the bladder outlet; often caused by an enlarged prostate gland in males |
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| hernia or protrusion of the urinary bladder into the wall of the vagina |
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| accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to the chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus |
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| inflammation of the kidney (primarily of the glomerulus); since the glomerulus membrane is inflamed, it becomes more permeable and will allow protein and blood cells to enter the filtrate; results in protein in the urine (proteinuria) and hematuria |
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| distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney; often a result of the obstruction of a ureter |
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| disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder; most commonly seen in middle-aged women |
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| the presence of calculi in the kidney; usually begins with the solidification of salts present in the urine |
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| formation of multiple cysts within the kidney tissue; results in the destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia |
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| inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney; one of the most common types of kidney disease; it may be the result of a lower urinary tract infection that moved up to the kidney by way of the ureters; there may be large quantities of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine; blood (hematuria) may even be present in the urine in this condition; can occur with any untreated or persistent case of cystitis |
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| inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood resulting in uremia; may be acute or chronic; major reason for a patient being placed on dialysis |
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| urinary tract infection (UTI) |
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| infection, usually from bacteria such as E. coli, of any organ or the urinary system; most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into the ureters and kidneys; most common in women because of their shorter urethra |
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| malignant kidney tumor found most often in children |
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| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
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| blood test to measure kidney function by the level of nitrogenous waste, urea, that is in the blood |
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| urine sample obtained after cleaning off the urinary opening and catching or collecting a sample in midstream (halfway through the urination process) to minimize contamination from the genitalia |
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| process of instilling a contrast material or dye into the bladder by catheter to visualize the urinary bladder on X-ray |
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| visual examination of the urinary bladder using an instrument called a cystoscope |
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| injecting dye into the bloodstream and then taking an X-ray to trace the action of the kidney as it excretes the dye |
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| intravenous pyelogram (IVP) |
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| injecting a contrast medium into a vein and then taking an X-ray to visualize the renal pelvis |
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| kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB) |
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| X-ray taken of the abdomen demonstrating the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without using any contrast dye; also called flat-plate abdomen |
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| a diagnostic X-ray in which dye is inserted through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis |
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| laboratory test that consists of the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of the urine |
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| urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) |
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| laboratory test of urine for bacterial infection; attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium in order to identify it and determine which antibiotics it is sensitive to |
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| voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) |
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| X-ray taken to visualize the urethra while the patient is voiding after a contrast dye has been placed in the bladder |
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| insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for the purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye |
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| extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) |
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| use of ultrasound waves to break up stones; process does not require invasive surgery |
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| use of an artificial kidney machine that filters the blood of a person to remove waste products; use of this technique in patients who have defective kidneys is lifesaving |
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| surgical incision to remove kidney stones |
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| destroying or crushing stones in the bladder or urethra |
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| an incision into the meatus in order to enlarge the opening of the urethra |
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| removal of toxic waste substances from the body by placing warm chemically balanced solutions into the peritoneal cavity; wastes are filtered out of the blood across the peritoneum; used in treating renal failure and certain poisonings |
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| surgical placement of a donor kidney |
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| used to treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract |
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| medication to prevent or reduce bladder muscle spasms |
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| medication that increases the volume of urine produced by the kidneys; useful in the treatment of edema, kidney failure, heart failure, and hypertension |
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| continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
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| extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy |
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| intermittent peritoneal dialysis |
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| acidity or alkalinity of urine |
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| voiding cystourethrography |
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