Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 9 The Nervous System: Central Nervous System
N/A
23
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
03/13/2013

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the three general functions of the nervous system?
Definition
1. Sensory input
2. Integration of sensory and motor activities.
3. Motor input.
Term
What are the three types of functional areas of the cerebral cortex?
Definition
1. Motor Areas- control voluntary movement.
2. Sensory Areas-conscious awareness of sensation.
3. Association areas-integrate diverse information.
Term
Name the primary specialization for each of the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Definition
Frontal lobe- responsible for controlling voluntary movement. Parietal Lobe- responsible for processing sensations of the body.
Term
which part of the brain Inhibits muscle tone?
Definition
Basal Nuclei
Term
Is made of the thalamus and hypothalamus?
Definition
The diencephalon
Term
Receives and processes all afferent impulses?
Definition
The thalamus
Term
Is involved with emotion?
Definition
The limbic system.
Term
What are the major functions of the cerebellum?
Definition
1. Subconscious control of coordinating muscle contractions. 2. Receives impulses of the intent to initiate voluntary muscle contractions. 3. Propriocepters and visual signals monitor the body’s condition. 4. Calculates the best way to perform a movement. 5. A “blueprint” of coordinated movement is sent to the cerebral motor cortex. 6. Plays a role in language and problem solving. 7. Recognizes and predicts sequences of events.
Term
What are some functions of the brain stem?
Definition
1. Controls autonomic behaviors necessary for survival. 2. Provides the pathway for tracts between higher and lower brain centers. 3. Associated with 10 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
Term
What does the reticular formation do?
Definition
It controls cortical alertness and direct attention.
Term
What are the three principles of memory?
Definition
1. Storage-occurs in stages; continually changes. 2. Processing-accomplished by the hippocampus and surrounding structures. 3. Memory traces- chemical or structural changes that encode memory.
Term
Name the two stages of memory
Definition
1. Short term 2. Long term.
Term
. Compare and contrast each stage
Definition
Short term- a fleeting memory of the events that continually happen; lasts seconds to hours; limited to 7 or 8 pieces. Long term-Limitless capacity; long term potentiation.
Term
What factors are involved with the transfer of memory from stage to another?
Definition
1. Emotional state- learn best when alert; motivated. 2. Rehearsal-repeating/rehearsing material. 3. Association-new info with old memories in long-term memory enhances ability to memorize material. 4. Automatic memory-subconscious info stored in long-term memory.
Term
Name the two categories of long term memory
Definition
1. fact. 2. Skill.
Term
Describe the differences between each
Definition
Fact- (declarative) memory entails learning explicit information; is related to our conscious thoughts and verbal memories; is stored with the context in which it was learned. Skill- (procedural) memory is less conscious than fact memory; involves motor activity; acquired through practice; do not retain the context in which learned.
Term
Describe the physical arrangement of gray and white matter in the spinal cord?
(Which is located in the interior? Exterior?)
Definition
Inner is gray matter and is surrounded by outer white matter.
Term
How many pair of spinal nerves do humans have?
Definition
31 pairs.
Term
Which root of each spinal nerves carry the afferent pathway?
Definition
The posterior (dorsal) root carries sensory information (afferent) signals through interneurons
Term
Which root of each spinal nerves carry the Efferent pathway?
Definition
The anterior (ventral) root carries somatic motor (efferent) signals through interneurons.
Term
. In which direction to ascending nerve fibers of the spinal cord travel?
Definition
Ascending fibers send signals from the cord up through the regions of the brain
Term
which direction to descending nerve fibers of the spinal cord travel?
Definition
The descending fibers send signals away from high brain centers down through the cord.
Term
Describe the five components of a reflex arc
Definition
0. There must be a stimulus. 1. Receptor-site of the stimulus. 2. Afferent Pathway- transmits impulse to CNS. 3. Control (integration) center- within gray matter (decision making). 4. Efferent Pathway- conducts impulses from the integration center to an effector. 5. Effector-muscle fiber or gland that responds to the efferent impulse.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!