Phonemes (sounds) such as /s/,/z/,/t/ and /∫/ are also known as

Children cannot reference past or future events until the age of 7

An example of Regressive Assimilation appears in which of the following transcriptions
   a.) sæmΙ-->mæmΙ

b.) sαks-->rαks

c.) mæt-->mæm

d.) cæmp-->læmp 

MLU is a qualitative value to describe language development in language disorders.

Bound morphemes begin to appear at an MLU of

a. 1.0-1.5

b. 1.5-2.0

c. 2.0-2.5

d. 2.5-3.0

All are examples of sibilants except

a. sip

b. vision

c. jeep

d. hip

Lanuaguage rules such as the use or regular past-tense (laughed) and irregular past-tense are

processed in ____________________ part(s) of the brain.

A. the same

B. different

C. all

D. the left

Mean length of utterance (MLU) is measured by _______________

A. total number of words in utterance

B. number of different morphemes in the utterance

C. total number of phonemes in the utterance

D. number of different words in the utterance

E. total number of morphemes in the utterance

By age 3 most children fully comprehend and produce the subject-verb-object word order.

An important factor in perception and production is phonological _________

a) Language

b) Memory 

c) Utterance

d) Perception

Many preschoolers _____ sounds in their speech

a) Fake

b) Mistake

c) Experience

d) Substitute

Once a child begins babbling, the basic speech unit used is the _________ syllable

a) Last

b) CV

c) Structure

d) DVD

The following is a moderate predictor of the complexity of the language of you English-speaking

children:

a.) phonological processes

b.) mean length of utterance (MLU)

c.) mean length of response (MLR)

d.) none of the above

The most basic unit of babbling is:

a.) CV syllable

b.) CVCV structure

c.) consonant sound

d.) vowel sound

T/F- The first clausal conjoining occurs with the conjunction “and.”

Auxiliary or helping verbs first appear in their ________ forms.

a. positive

b. negative

c. neutral

d. none of the above

______ are introduced with little explanation when caregivers read to children

a. Verb phrases

b. Adverbs

c. Nouns

d. Bound morphemes

3.) True or False: Negative interrogatives appear very early in language development, around age 5.

MLU= The total # of _______

----------------------- (divided by)

The total # of sentences.

A. phonemes

B. morphemes

C. syllables

D. words

MLU is a crude measure, sensitive ONLY to

utterance __________.

A. quality

B. complexity

C. correctness

D. length

True or False. A child's acquisition of tense and aspect reflects both cognitive and linguistic

development?

________ is when a child produces both consonants with a vowel in between them.

Such as the word tree to teree.

A. Aspect

B. Tense

C. Epenthesis

D. Copula

Epenthesis

The following conversation is an example of what?

Max: I got a doggie.

Abe: That's not a doggie.

Max: What is it?

Abe: A lion.

Maz: No it isn't.

A. Peer-Instructed

B. Negatives

C. Language Clause

D. Embedded Relative Clauses

What are true auxiliary verbs?

a. be

b. think

c. do

d. all of the above

e. A and C only

A child develops the basic declarative sentence form, ___________________ format first (by about

30 months).

a. subject + verb + object

b. verb + object + subject

c. object + verb + subject

d. none of the above

T/F Once a child learns the regular past tense rule, it is overgeneralized.

_______________ is when one syllable becomes the same as another in the word.

A)epenthesis

B)alveolars

C)Reduplication

D)assimilation

What is an example of a substitution process?

A)Fronting

B)Initial clasual conjoining

C)Aspect

D)Negatives

One reason an auxiliary substitution error may arise is because children lack the semantic

knowledge and to not understand the meaning of more subtle distinctions.

2) As a modal auxiliary, "may" is a example of what?

a) ability

b)permission

c)intent

d)possibility

Answer: B- permission. Page 284

Which of the below is NOT an element of a noun phrase?

a) initiator

b) determiner

c) adjective

d) verb

Once a child learns the regular past-tense rule, it is __________.

A. Undergeneralized

B. Overgeneralized

C. Degeneralized

D.Ungeneralized

African American English- speaking children do not seem to use the information in the third person -s at all.

Auxiliary or helping verbs first appear in their _________ forms.

A.Positive

B.Negative

C. Neutral

D.none of the above

Answer= B

True or False Children use “before” and “after” prior to using “yesterday” and “tomorrow”.

From the list of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs given in the text which of the following words

is specifically an intransitive verb:

a. read

b. run

c. throw

d. draw

ANSWER: B, pg 282, slide 25

3. Which of the following lists the correct order of appearance for clausal conjoining words?

a. and, because, if, when, but, so

b. when, if, and, because, but, so

c. and, if, because, when, but, so

d. when, and, if, because, but, so

ANSWER: C, slide 54, pg 300

A child’s question “is time-out almost over?” refers primarily to:

a. reference

b. aspect

c. language

d. tense

2. Which plural word is an example of a sibilant?

a. mice

b. bridges

c. shoes

d. stimuli

"The” is typically used to refer to new information and “A” is used to refer to old information.

The _______ helps predict the complexity of the language of young English-speaking children.

a.utterance

b.language development

c.aspect

d. MLU

From age 18 months to 5 years old, MLU increases by approximately 1.2 morphemes per year

________ ___________ are phonologically reduced and unstressed monosyllabic bits of language.

a.regular plural

b.regular past

c.adjective suffixes

d.bound morphemes

When caregivers read to children ___________________ are introduced with little explanation.

a. Verb phrases

b. Nouns

c. Bound morphemes

d. None of the above

adjectives are introduced and then described or contrasted with other meanings.

How does the brain predict the next word?

a. The language acquisition device

b. Syntactic patterns

c. Pragmatic rules

d. Both b and c

________ refers to the event's completion, repetition, or continuing duration, and _________relates the speech time to the event time.

a. tense, aspect

b.aspect,tense

c.phrase,sibilant

d.sibilant,phrase

T/F The articles the and a appear before age 1 and take no time to master.

ANSWER: FALSE p.281

Which is NOT one of the 3 earliest prepositions that are learned:

a.in

b.on

c.to

d.at

The progressive verb tense is used to indicate an activity that is currently or was recently in progress and is of temporary duration

A phrase is a group of words that functions as a single distinct syntactic unit that is less than a sentence and does not contain both the _______ and the _______.

a. Noun; verb

b. subject; predicate

c. a and b

d. none of these

A verb is a syntactic element that expresses...

a. existence

b. action

c. ocurrence

d. all of the above

A child develops the ability to determine and signal differences in meaning through

speech sounds.

Epenthesis is defined as:

A. the reduplication of consonants

B. the earliest negative element to appear

C. a vowel insertion

D. an event’s completion, repetition, or continuing duration

In the form of interrogative sentences, questions are:

A. prevalent in the speech adults address to children

B. used to comment on where the child is gazing

C. used to direct the child's attention

D. All of the above

The two "wh-" interrogatives to appear in the first phase of question development in children are

typically:

a) why, how

b) what, where

c) who, when

d) which, what

Children ask questions at the one-word level through the use of:

a) rising intonation

b) a variation of "what" (ex: "wassat?")

c) phonetically consistent forms

d) all of the above

Gerund phrase development appears after age 4, and generally follows the development of infinitives.

Morphological learning can be difficult in English because ________.

a. bound morphemes are phonologically reduced and unstressed monosyllabic bits of language

b. in general, bound morphemes carry very little concrete semantic information

c. many grammatical morphemes or at least their phonological forms are multifunctional

d. all of the above

Consonant clusters are mastered by age ________.

a. 3-4

b. 6-7

c. 9-10

d. none of the above

Children generally begin using negative auxiliary verbs (can’t, won’t, don’t) before using positive auxiliary verbs (can, will, do)

1. MLU serves as a rough estimate of language complexity for speakers of any language

2. Choose the noun phrase from the following sentence:

Only three of Mary's friends from her class went to the party.

A. Mary's friends

B. Only three of Mary's friends

C. went to the party

D. Only three of Mary's friends from her class

Children learn to ask questions through the use of rising ________________.

A. articulation

B. intonation

C. phonetics

D. volume

Which of the following is false about bound morphemes?

a. Bound morphemes are phonologically reduced

b. Bound morphemes are stressed monosyllabic bits of language

c. Bound morphemes carry very little concrete semantic information

d. Bound morphemes may be redundant

B. This is false because bound morphemes are unstressed. An explanation can be found

towards the bottom of page 273.

In the noun phrase “Nearly half of your old baseball uniforms in the closet…” “nearly” is a _____ and

“uniforms” is a ____.

a. Adjective, determiner

b. Initiator, noun

c. Determiner, noun

d. Initiator, modifier

Answer: B An explanation can be found in the table of the elements of a noun phrase on page 281

Which of the following utterances contains an example of oversegmenting?

a. He throw-uped at a party.

b. Daddy, you’re interring-upt me!

c. I want to see attle.

d. A and B

e. B and C

Answer: D. Answer a is an example of undersegmenting. An explanation can be found at the bottom

of page 278.

T/F: Negative interrogatives appear very early in language development, around 18 months

What is the earliest verb inflection that is acquired in English?

a. Progressive verb tense

b. Past tense

c. Future tense

d. Subjunctive tense

What refers to the event’s completion, repetition, or continuing duration?

a. Tense

b. Aspect

c. Timing

d. Relation

A child's acquisition of tense and aspect reflects both cognitive and linguistic development.

__________ sentences or statements gradually increase in complexity and in number of elements or constituents throughout the preschool years.

a) Interrogative

b) Negative

c) Embedding

d) Declarative

D-Declarative

________ _________ are used to express moods or attitudes such a ability, permission, intent,

possibility, and obligation.

a) Semantic case

b) Event structure

c) Modal auxiliary

d) Verb phase

___________ is a group of words that functions as a single distinct syntactic unit that is less than a

sentence and does not contain both the subject and the predicate.

A. Mean length of utterance (MLU)

B. Aspect

C. Phrase

D. None of the above

T/F In verb phrase development auxiliary or helping verbs first appear in their negative form (can't,

don't, won't).

Children first use time adverbs such as "yesterday" and "tomorrow" and "before" and "after" later in

__________.

A. Phrase development

B. Syntactic and morphologic development

C. Sentence development

D. None of the above

Aspect concerns the dynamics of the event relative to its

a. completion

b. repetition

c. continuing duration

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

In English there is no morpheme to indicate the singular form of a noun; thus, a singular noun is called

a. uninflected or unknown

b. unmarked or uninflected

c. unknown or unmarked

d. unspoken or unknown

True or False: During the preschool years a child begins to acquire a few additional suffixes for nouns and adjectives.

Mean length of utterance is:

a.) average utterance length measured in morphemes

b.) average utterance length measured in phonemes

c.) average utterance length measured in words

d.) average utterance length measured in letters

Bound morphemes can stand alone

F pg 274 Bound morphemes must be attached to a free morpheme

A phrase is:

a.) a group of words that functions as single syntactic unit that is smaller than a sentence.

b.) a group of words that functions as single syntactic unit that is larger than a sentence.

c.) a sentence

d.) a word

The majority of English-speaking children possess basic sentence types by age 5

True

pg. 288

A. Present progressive -ing

B. Regular plural –s

C. Possessive -’s

D. Regular past –ed

E. Regular third person –s

F. All of the above

G. A-C only

F. All of the above

Pg. 274, table 9.1

When a new word is learned, a child tentatively assigns it to a _______ category.

A. Semantic

B. Morphologic

C. Cognitive

D. Syntactic

E. Auxiliary

D. Syntactic Page 271

Indicate where a regular plural appears:

a.short phrases and longer sentences

b. short sentences and long phrases

c. choice A

d. none of the above

When is the use of the possessive marker usually mastered?

a. in the first year

b. after 24 months

c. relatively late

d. choices A&B

3. A

c. relatively late<<<<answer pg 276

A verb phrase is a construction that includes the verb and all that follows, including adjective phrases. 

What does MLU stand for?

a) Modern Language Universal

b) Mean Longevity of Understanding

c) Mean Length of Utterance

d) None of the above

In regards to there being no morpheme to indicate singular form, what is a singular noun called?

a) Unselected

b) Uninflected

c) Unmarked

d) All of the above

e) Both b and c

A verb is a symbolic element that expresses existence, action and occurrence.

Answer: false; syntactic element

True

Cluster reduction is a phonological process at the syllable level. Other syllable level processes include deletion of final consonants, deletion of unstressed syllables and reduplication.