All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device, EXCEPT:

A. increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume.

B. ventilating the patient at the appropriate rate.

C. applying pressure to the cricoid cartilage

D. ensuring the appropriate airway position.

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the:

A. apex of the lung

B. alveolar sacs

C. bronchioles

D. pulmonary capillaries

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:

A. moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath

B. is moved through the lungs in a single minute

C. is forced into the lungs as a result of positive pressure

D. remains in the lungs following a complete exhalation

Inhalation occurs when the:

A. diaphragm and intercostal muscles ascend and cause an increase in the intrathoracic pressure.

B. diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and cause an increase in the intrathoracic pressure.

C. diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in the intrathoracic pressure

D. diaphragm ascends and the intercostal muscles contract, causing a decrease in intrathoracic pressure.

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

A. Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate.

B. Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations.

C. The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

D. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

A. pyruvic acid

B. adenosine triphosphate

C. carbon dioxide

D. lactic acid

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

A. larynx

B. pharynx

C. bronchus

D. oropharynx

Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called:

A. ventilation

B. metabolism

C. respirations

D. oxygenation

You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:

A. ask your partner to apply cricoid pressure

B. remove the oral airway and suction her oropharynx

C. perform a finger sweep of her mouth.

D. roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway

The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately ________ pounds per square inch (psi).

A. 1,000

B. 500

C. 1,500

D. 2,000

What percentage of the air we breathe is made up of oxygen?

A. 78%

B. 12%

C. 16%

D. 21%

Regarding the maintenance of the airway in an unconscious adult, which of the following is FALSE?

A. insertion of an oropharyngeal airway helps keep the airway open

B. the head tilt-chin up maneuver should always be used to open the airway

C. seceretions should be suctioned from the mouth, as neccessary

D. inserting a rigid suction catheter beyond the tongue may cause gagging

The normal respiratory rate for an adult is:

A. about equal to the person's heart rate

B. 12 to 20 breaths/min

C. faster when the person is sleeping

D. same as in infant and children

All of the following are signs of hypoxia EXCEPT:

A. tachycardia

B. dehydration

C. cyanosis

D. weak pulse

The brain stem normally triggers breathing by increasing respirations when:

A. carbon dioxide levels increase

B. oxygen levels increase

C. carbon dioxide levels decrease

D. nitrogen levels decrease

Which of the following is NOT a sign of abdnormal breathing?

A. warm, dry skin

B. Speaking in a two-or-three- word sentences

C. unequal breath sounds

D. Skin pulling in around the ribs during inspiration

The proper technique for sizing an oropharyngeal airway before insertion is to measure the device from:

A. the tip of the nose to the earlobe

B. the bridge of the nose to the tip of the chin

C. the corner of the mouth to the earlobe

D. the center of the jaw to the earlobe

What is the most common problem you may encounter when using a bag-mask device?

A. volume of the bag-mask device

B. positioning of the patient's head

C. environmental conditons

D. maintaining an airtight seal

When ventilating a patient with a bag mask device, you should:

A. look for inflation of the cheeks

B. look for signs of patientbreathing on his or her own

C. look for rise and fall of the chest

D. listen for gurgling

Suctioning the oral cavity of an adult should be accomplished within: 

A. 5 seconds

B. 10 seconds

C. 15 seconds

D. 20 seconds

Which of the following is the preferred method of assisting ventilations?

A. mouth-to-mask with one way valve

B. two-person bag mask device with reservoir and supplemental oxygen

C. Flow-restricted, oxygen-powerd ventilation device

D. one-person bag mask device with reservoir and supplemental oxygen

When a person goes ________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is very likely.

A. 0 to 4

B. 4 to 6

C. 6 to 10

D. more than 10

If your partner, while examining a patient, states that the patient's lungs are equal and bilateral, you would understand your partner to mean that:

A. both lungs have labored breathing

B. both lungs are equally bad

C. the patient is not breathing

D. ther sounds on both sidese are clear and equal lung

What are agonal gasps?

A. Occasional gasping breaths, but adequate to maintain life

B. Occasional gasping breaths, unable to maintain life

C. Painful respirations due to broken ribs

D. Another name for ataxic respirations

You come upon an unresponsive patient who is not injured and is breathing on her own with a normal rate and an adequate tidal volume. What would be the advantage of placing her in the recovery position?

A. It's the preferred position of comfort for patients

B. It helps to protect their cervical spine when injuries are hidden

C. it helps to maintain a clear airway

D. it's easier to load them onto the cot from this position

True or False

Nasal airways keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and facilitate suctioning of the oropharynx.

True or False

Nasal cannulas can deliver a maximum of 44% oxygen at 6 L/min.

True or False

Oral airways should be measured from the tip of the nose to the earlobe.

True or False

Compressed gas cylinders pose no unusual risk.

True or False

The pin-indexing system is used to ensure compatibility between pressure regulators and oxygen flowmeters. 

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Air enters the body through the _______ _____ _______.

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In exhalation, air pressure in the lungs is _________ than the pressure outside.

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The air we breathe contains _________ percent oxygen and _________ percent nitrogen.

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The primary mechanism for triggering breathing is the level of ________ _______ in the blood.

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During inhalation, the _________ and _________ ________ contract, causing the thorax to enlarge.

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Continuous _______ Airway ________ has proven to be immensely beneficial to patients experiencing respiratory distress from acute pulmonary edema or obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Insufficient oxygen in the cells and tissues is called __________