Term
| What is Eukaryotic Transcription starting Codon? |
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Definition
| Starting Codon on for Eukaryotic cells is AUG |
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Term
| What is Eukaryotic translation? |
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Definition
| It's Code for a defferent form of Methionine |
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Term
| Eukaryotic mRNA codoes for how many proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of the DNA in the nucleus means that eukaryotic transcription amd translation (can/cannot) be simultaneous? |
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Definition
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Term
| mRNA eukaruptes must pass through ___1____ and be carried to ___2____ in the cytoplasm for translation. |
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Definition
1) Pores of the Nuclear memebrane
2) Ribosomes |
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Term
Eukaryotic genes often have ___1___,
which must be removed before translation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sequences of bases that do not code for protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Coding regions that will be translated into proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Requires further processing before translation. |
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Term
| Do all introns code for all cell substances? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do genetics of animal viruses have? |
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Definition
They are Diverse.
Nucleic acid is linear in most viruses, but can be segmented in to several pieces. |
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Term
| In most genetic animals viruses contain what? |
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Definition
| dsDNA or ssRNA, but other patterns exist. |
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Term
| In all Case of Genetics of animals viruses can have? |
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Definition
-Viral nucleic acid penetrantes the cell
-The nucleic acid is introduced on the the host's gene-processing machinery
-The Virus instructs the host's machinery to synthesize large numbers of new virus particles
-Viral mRNA is translated in to viral proteins on host cell ribosomes using host tRNA |
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Term
| Genetic Regulation of protein synthesis and metabolism when? |
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Definition
| Control mechanisms ensure that genes are ACTIVE only when their products are required. |
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Term
| Prokaryotes organize collections of genes into? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The operoin is TURN ON by substrate of the enzymes for which the structural genes code (positive feedback) |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain genes coding for anabolic enzymes; several genes in a series are TURNED OFF by the product synthesized by the enzyme (negative feedback) |
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Term
| Normally the operon is in the __1__ mode and will be turned __2__ only when the substrate is present. |
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Definition
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Term
| The operom is kept off bu the presence of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the substrate is present, it acts as an __1__? |
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Definition
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Term
What does the Inducer substrate do?
What is a Example? |
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Definition
Blocks the action of the reperssor, allowing the operon to be "on".
- Lac operon |
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Term
| What is the an example of a lactose metabolism holder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the regulator in the lactose operon? |
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Definition
| A gene that codes for a protein capable of repressing the operon |
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Term
| What is the repressor in the lactose operon? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Recognized by RNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence that acts as an off/on switch for transcription. |
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Term
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Definition
| Three genes each coding for a different enzyme needed to catabolize lactose. |
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Term
What is a repressible operon?
Example? |
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Definition
Normally the operon is in the "on" mode and will be turned "off" only when the nutrients is no longer reguired.
Arg operon |
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Term
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Definition
The excess nutrients serves.
Needed to block the actin of the operon. |
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Term
| There are more organism that contain genes in their (genotype/phenotype) then are manifested as a (genotype/phenotype) at a give time. |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of phase variation? |
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Definition
Neisseria gonorrohoeae fimbrae production
Streptococcus pneumoniae capusule prodution. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in nucleotide sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| A miroogranism that exhibits a natural, non-mutated characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| When a miroorganism bears a mutation |
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Term
| What is a Spontaneous mutation? |
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Definition
| Random change in the DNA arising from errors in replication. |
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Term
| What is Induced Mutation? |
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Definition
| Results from exposure to known mutagens |
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Term
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Definition
| Involve addition, deletion, or substitution of single bases |
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Term
| What is Missense mutation |
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Definition
| Result in different amino acid |
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Term
| What is a Nonsense Mutation? |
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Definition
| Results in premature stop codon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Second mutation corrects effect of first mutation |
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Term
| What is Frameshift mutations? |
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Definition
When one of more bases are inserted into or deleted from a newly synthesized DNA strand.
- Changes the reading frame of the mRNA
- Nearly always result in a nonfictional protein |
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Term
| Positive and Negative effects of Mutations? |
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Definition
- Mutation are permanentWhat and inheritable
- Most are harmful but some provide adaptive advantages |
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Term
What type of mutation is this?
ATG(Met) -> ATC (lle)
A. Missense
B. Nonsense
C. Silent |
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Definition
| A. Missense Because it results in different amino acids. |
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