Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a receptor protein? |
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Definition
| Molecule to which the ligand binds. |
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Term
| What does the interaction of a ligand and receptor protein initiate? |
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Definition
| Signal transduction which converts the info in the signal into a cellular response |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules on the surface of one cell are recognized by receptors on the adjacent cell. Important in early development. Gap jxn. |
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Term
| What is paracrine signaling? |
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Definition
| Signal released from one cell has an effect on neighboring cells. Important in early development. Coordinates clusters of neighboring cells. Signaling between immune cells. |
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Term
| What is endocrine signaling? |
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Definition
| Hormones released from one cell travel through circulatory system and affect elsewhere in the body. Both animals and plants use this extensively. |
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Term
| What is synaptic signaling? |
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Definition
| Used in animal cells. Nerve cells release neurotransmitter which binds to receptors on nearby cells. Association of neuron and raget cell is a chemical synapse. |
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Term
| What are channel linked receptors? |
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Definition
| Ion channel that opens in response to a ligand |
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Term
| What are enzymatic receprots? |
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Definition
| Receptor is an enzyme that is activated by ligand. |
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Term
| What is a G protein coupled receptor? |
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Definition
| G protein (bound to GTP) assists in transmitting the signal |
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Term
| What is a common way to change the activity of a protein? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that adds a phosphate to a protein (phosphorylates) |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that removes phosphate from a protein. (dephosphorylation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligand binds, it is activated. Dimerizes and it autophosphorylates. Then the activated receptor adds phosphate to tyrosine on the response protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Activated receptor has phosphorylated sites that allow docking. Insulin is a hormone that maintains a constant blood sugar level and it lowers it if its too high. |
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Term
| What is a kinase cascade? |
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Definition
| a series of protein kinases that phosphorylate each other in succession. This amplifies the signal which elicits a large cell response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein bound to GTP. Is a switch turned on the by the receptor. Activiates that effector protein (usually an enzyme) |
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Term
| What is a g protein coupled receptor? |
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Definition
| Receptors bound to G proteins. |
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Term
| The effector protein produces a __________ _________ that elicits a cellular response. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a second messenger? |
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Definition
Adenylyl cyclase produces cAMP as a second messenger.
Inositol, phosphates, calcium ions Etc. |
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Term
| Cells identify each other by 2 things. What are they? |
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Definition
| Cell surface markers. Glycolipids are used as tissue-specific markers and MHC proteins are used to dinstinguish self from non-self. |
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