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Chapter 9 and 10
AP Human Geography
83
Other
9th Grade
10/03/2012

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Term
Acculturation
Definition
the process of learning how to operate within a new culture
Term
Assimilation
Definition
the adoption of a new culture and the abandonment of most aspects of an original culture
Term
Cultural (behavioral) assimilation
Definition
the situation in which an ethnic group maintains a strong self-identity yet has adopted enough of the culture traits of the host society to be a member of it
Term
Cajuns
Definition
share a historical origin in eastern Canada (Acadia)
Term
Cluster migration
Definition
when whole communities were settled by the same ethnic group
Term
Cultural (behavioral) assimilation
Definition
the situation in which an ethnic group maintains a strong self-identity yet has adopted enough of the culture traits of the host society to be a member of it
Term
Emergent ethnicity
Definition
the creation of an ethnic identity not common in the past
Term
Ethnic island
Definition
an area of ethnic concentration in rural, or non-urban, areas
Term
Ethnic neighborhoods
Definition
areas within cities that have concentrated populations of a particular ethnic group
Term
Ethnic provinces
Definition
large areas associated with a particular ethnic group
Term
Ethnicity
Definition
a social group that defines itself based on factors such as common culture traits or a common history, race, or geographic origin
Term
Ethnoburb
Definition
areas that show strong pockets of ethnic concentration in suburban areas
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
an attitude of cultural superiority
Term
Feminist Geography
Definition
focuses on gender relationships as being central to humans’ understanding of how space is created and arranged
Term
Functional assimilation
Definition
the fusion of an ethnic group with the majority of the society
Term
Gender
Definition
refers to the societal norms and behaviors that are expected of males and females
Term
Ghettos
Definition
a part of a city occupied by a minority or groups; often poor in economy
Term
Hanification
Definition
this term refers to Beijing’s giving incentives for ethnically Han Chinese, who makes up 93% of China’s population
Term
Index of dissimilarity
Definition
sed to compare how isolated two groups are from each other by looking at how similar the proportion of each group found in a neighborhood is to the overall proportion of the two groups in a city
Term
Resurgent identity
Definition
Ethnic identities common in the past that fade and then reemerge
Term
Segregation
Definition
the separation between different social or ethnic groups
Term
political unit
Definition
a politically organized body of people
Term
state
Definition
a country
Term
sovereignty
Definition
a particular government has complete control and jurisdiction over a defined area
Term
legitmacy
Definition
whether the gove. of the unit is considered to have the standing or right to rule a state's people and territory
Term
diplomatic relations
Definition
negotiations between states, country, etc.
Term
democracy
Definition
a gov. that is considered to rule with the consent of its people and is internally legitimate
Term
territory
Definition
An area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state
Term
High Seas
Definition
no gov. has sovereignty over some parts of the ocean
Term
chiefdoms
Definition
tribal groups
Term
feudal system
Definition
system based on the principles of personal allegiance and vassalage. The feudal system was a way of government based on obligations between the lord or king and vassal.
Term
vassal
Definition
someone who mush show fealty and pay some form of tribute to an overlord in return for being able to use the land
Term
city-state
Definition
ca city and the area around it
Term
empires
Definition
political entities; An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly esp. an emperor or empress.
Term
metropole
Definition
dominant part of the empire
Term
colonies
Definition
parts of the empire that are subordinate and have very little right to self-determination
Term
modern state system
Definition
the system that organizes states today
Term
Westphalian state system
Definition
based on the idea of a world composed of autonomous, clearly bounded, sovereign territorial states
Term
Decolonization
Definition
seizing to be a colony; becoming independent
Term
satellite state
Definition
states with less actual sovereignty
Term
micro-states
Definition
sates that are very small but still considered to possess a certain degree of sovereignty
Term
nation
Definition
meant to represent a group of people who feel that they belong together as a polity of a number of reasons; not a country
Term
horizontal loyalty
Definition
loyalty so powerful that people are willing to give their lives; expressed towards all the people of that nation
Term
vertical loyalty
Definition
people were simply considered subjects and were expected to owe allegiance to the ruler; no sense of nationalism
Term
primary loyalty
Definition
a loyalty which transcends that of other allegiances; a person is loyal to only one nation
Term
ethnic nations
Definition
based on cultural commonalities
Term
civic nation
Definition
based on shared principles; ex. America
Term
exclusivity
Definition
a person is loyal to only one nation
Term
homeland
Definition
a nation's distinct territory
Term
self-determination
Definition
members of a nation are allowed to form their own sovereign state
Term
nationalism
Definition
pride in ones nation
Term
national landscapes
Definition
landscape of a nation ; expresses nation's territory
Term
nation-state ideal
Definition
Term
nation-state ideal
Definition
the ideal arrangement and correspondence between nation and state
Term
nation-state
Definition
a political entity (a state) associated with a particular cultural entity (a nation).
Term
multistate nation
Definition
when a nation encompasses more than one state
Term
stateless nation
Definition
nation has no state to call its own
Term
diaspora
Definition
national group that once lived in an area but are now dispersed
Term
primordialism
Definition
view that nations are organically grown entities, thw world is divided into different national groups that have persisted for some time, and that nationalist movements represent an awakening of already significant identities
Term
constructivism
Definition
the view that nations are artificial creations that result from modernization, elite aspirations, or a series of events that makes nation building a much more viable approach than anything else; opposed to primordialism
Term
instrumentalism
Definition
sees nations as emerging for a particular purpose; to meet the demands of a situation
Term
unifying institutions
Definition
help promote nationalist ideology and bring members of the nation together
Term
centrifugal forces
Definition
tend to pull apart and disperse;An apparent force that acts outward on a body moving around a center, arising from the body's inertia
Term
minority national group
Definition
a group that considers itself a nation but does not have control of the state
Term
noregionalism
Definition
occurs where a minority national group is concentrated in a particular region of the country
Term
irredentist movements
Definition
movements to separate from their existing state in order to join a neighboring state
Term
borderland
Definition
border area
Term
border
Definition
a region while boundary is a line
Term
effective national territory
Definition
the legal area of a state is not coincident with the territory that that it effectively contols
Term
de jure area
Definition
legal area
Term
de factor area
Definition
the territory that is effectively contols
Term
frontier
Definition
an area at the edge of any type of effective political contorol
Term
natural boundary
Definition
natural features that divide countries
Term
geometric boundaries
Definition
drawn lines on a map without interest in cultural features
Term
anteccedent boundary
Definition
created before an area is known or populated
Term
subsequent boundaries
Definition
are created after recognized steelement
Term
militarized boundaries
Definition
boundary created by military
Term
open boundaries
Definition
crossing is not prevented
Term
geopolitics
Definition
is the study of how geographic space affect global politics
Term
containment
Definition
containing a group in one area
Term
nonaligned countries
Definition
countries not allied
Term
domino theory
Definition
a chain reaction
Term
critical geopolitics
Definition
dissect the ways state boundaries are perceived
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