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Chapter 9
Obstetrics and Neonatology
127
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
03/21/2011

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Term
gamete
Definition
mature germ cell, either sperm or ovum
Term
ovulation
Definition
expulsion of a mature ovum from an ovary
Term
conception, or fertilization
Definition
beginning of pregnancy, when the sperm enters the ovum. Fertilization normally occurs in the fallopian tubes
Term
zygote
Definition
cell formed by the union of sperm and the ovum
Term
embryo
Definition
unborn offspring in the stage of development from implantation of the zygote to the end of the second month of pregnancy. This period is characterized by rapid growth of the embryo.
Term
fetus
Definition
unborn offspring from the beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth
Term
gestation, pregnancy
Definition
development of a new individual from conception to birth
Term
gestation period
Definition
duration of pregnancy
Term
implantation, nidation
Definition
embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining. The process normally begins about 7 days after fertilization and continues for several days.
Term
placenta, or afterbirth
Definition
a structure that grows on the wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the unborn child
Term
amniotic (amnionic) sac
Definition
membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery
Term
chorion
Definition
outermost layer of the fetal membrane
Term
amnion
Definition
innermost layer of the fetal membrane
Term
amniotic fluid
Definition
fluid within the amniotic sac, which surrounds the fetus
Term
amni/o, amnion/o
Definition
amnion, amniotic fluid
Term
chori/o
Definition
chorion
Term
embry/o
Definition
embryo, to be full
Term
fet/o, fet/i
Definition
fetus, unborn child
Term
gravid/o
Definition
pregnancy
Term
lact/o
Definition
milk
Term
nat/o
Definition
birth
Term
omphal/o
Definition
umbilicus, navel
Term
par/o, part/o
Definition
bear, give birth to; labor, childbirth
Term
puerper/o
Definition
childbirth
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
esophag/o
Definition
esophagus (tube leading from the throat to the stomach)
Term
pelv/i, pelv/o
Definition
pelvic bone, pelvis
Term
prim/i
Definition
first
Term
pseud/o
Definition
false
Term
pylor/o
Definition
pylorus (pyloric sphincter)
Term
ante-, pre-
Definition

before

(prefix)

Term
micro-
Definition

small

(prefix)

Term
multi-
Definition

many

(prefix)

Term
nulli-
Definition

none

(prefix)

Term
post-
Definition

after

(prefix)

Term
-amnios
Definition

amnion, amniotic fluid

(suffix)

Term
-cyesis
Definition

pregnancy

(suffix)

Term
-e
Definition

noun suffix, no meaning

(suffix)

Term
-is
Definition
noun suffix, no meaning
Term
-partum
Definition

childbirth, labor

(suffix)

Term
-rrhexis
Definition

rupture

(suffix)

Term
-tocia
Definition

birth, labor

(suffix)

Term
-um
Definition

noun suffix, no meaning

(suffix)

Term
-us
Definition

noun suffix, no meaning

(suffix)

Term
amnionitis
Definition
inflammation of the amnion
Term
chorioamnionitis
Definition
inflammation of the chorion and amnion
Term
choriocarcinoma
Definition
cancerous tumor of the chorion
Term
dystocia
Definition
difficult labor
Term
embryotocia
Definition
birth of an embryo (abortion)
Term
hysterorrhexis
Definition
rupture of the uterus
Term
oligohydramnios
Definition
scanty amnion water (less than the normal amount of amniotic fluid; 500 ml or less)
Term
polyhydramnios
Definition
much amnion water (more than the normal amount of amniotic fluid; 2000 ml or more) (hydramnios)
Term
salpingocyesis
Definition
pregnancy occurring in the fallopian tube (ectopic pregnancy)
Term
abortion
Definition
termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo before fetal viability, usually before 20 weeks of gestation
Term
abruptio placentae
Definition
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
Term
eclampsia
Definition
severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion and coma. Eclampsia is a potentially life-threatening disorder.
Term
ectopic pregnancy
Definition
pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tubes (salpingocyesis)
Term
placenta previa
Definition
abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall. (Dilation of the cervix can cause separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, resulting in bleeding. With severe hemorrhage, a cesarean section may be necessary to save the mother's life)
Term
preeclampsia
Definition
abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high blood pressure, edema, and proteinuria, but with no convulsions or coma. The cause is unknown; if not successfully treated the condition will progress to eclampsia. Eclampsia is the third most common cause of maternal death in the US after hemorrhage and infection.
Term
microcephalus
Definition
(fetus with a very) small head
Term
omphalitis
Definition
inflammation of the umbilicus
Term
omphalocele
Definition
herniation at the umbilicus (a part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall at birth)
Term
pyloric stenosis
Definition
narrowing pertaining to the pyloric sphincter. (Congenital form occurs in 1 of every 200 newborns)
Term
tracheoesophageal fistula
Definition
abnormal passageway pertaining to the esophagus and the trachea (between the esophagus and trachea)
Term
cleft lip and palate
Definition
congenital split of the lip and roof of the mouth (indicates a fissure)
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
congenital condition characterized by varying degrees of mental retardation and multiple defects (formally called mongolism)
Term
erythroblastosis fetalis
Definition
condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis of the erythrocytes. The condition is usually caused by incompatibility of the infant's and mother's blood, occurring when the mothers blood is Rh negative and the infant's blood is Rh positive.
Term
esophageal atresia
Definition
congenital absence of part of the esophagus. Food cannot pass from the baby's mouth to the stomach.
Term
gastroschisis
Definition
a congenital fissure of the abdominal wall not at the umbilicus. Enterocele, protrusion of the intestine, is usually present.
Term
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Definition
a respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants. In premature infants this is caused by normal immaturity of the respiratory system resulting in compromised respiration (formerly called hyaline membrane disease)
Term
spina bifida (divided spine)
Definition
congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close. If the meninges protrude through the opening the condition is called meningocele. Protrusion of both the meninges and spinal cord is called meningomyelocele.
Term
amniotomy
Definition
incision into the amnion (rupture of the fetal membrane to induce labor)
Term
episiotomy
Definition
incision of the vulva (perineum), usually performed during delivery to prevent tearing of the perineum (perineotomy)
Term
pelvic sonography
Definition
pertaining to the pelvis, process of recording sound (pelvic ultrasound is used to evaluate the fetus and pregnancy)
Term
amniocentesis
Definition
surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid (the needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine walls, using ultrasound to guide the needle). The fluid is used for the assessment of fetal health and maturity to aid in diagnosing fetal abnormalities.
Term
amnioscope
Definition
instrument used for visual examination of the amniotic fluid (and the fetus)
Term
amnioscopy
Definition
visual examination of amniotic fluid (and the fetus)
Term
amniochorial
Definition
pertaining to the amnion and chorion
Term
amniorrhea
Definition
discharge (escape) of amniotic fluid
Term
amniorrhexis
Definition
rupture of the amnion
Term
antepartum
Definition
before childbirth (reference to the mother)
Term
embryogenic
Definition
producing an embryo
Term
embryogenic
Definition
producing an embryo
Term
embryoid
Definition
resembling an embryo
Term
fetal
Definition
pertaining to the fetus
Term
gravida
Definition
pregnant (woman)
Term
gravidopuerperal
Definition
pertaining to pregnancy and the childbirth (from delivery until reproductive organs return to normal)
Term
intrapartum
Definition
within (during) labor and childbirth
Term
lactic
Definition
pertaining to milk
Term
lactogenic
Definition
producing milk (by stimulation)
Term
lactorrhea
Definition
(spontaneous) discharge of milk
Term
multigravida
Definition
many pregnancies (a woman who has been pregnant two or more times)
Term
multipara (multip)
Definition
many births (a woman who has given birth to two or more viable offspring)
Term
natal
Definition
pertaining to birth
Term
neonate
Definition
new birth (an infant from birth to 4 weeks of age) (synonymous with newborn (NB))
Term
neonatologist
Definition
physician who studies and treats disorders of the newborn
Term
neonatology
Definition
study of the newborn (branch of medicine that deals with diagnosis and treatment of disorders in newborns)
Term
nulligravida
Definition
no pregnancies (a woman who has never been pregnant)
Term
nullipara
Definition
no births (a woman who has not given birth to a viable offspring)
Term
para
Definition
birth (a woman who has given birth to a viable offspring)
Term
postnatal
Definition
pertaining to after birth (reference to the newborn)
Term
postpartum
Definition
after childbirth (reference to the mother)
Term
prenatal
Definition
pertaining to before birth (reference to the newborn)
Term
primigravida
Definition
first pregnancy (a woman in her first pregnancy)
Term
primipara
Definition
first birth (a woman who has given birth to one viable offspring)
Term
pseudocyesis
Definition
false pregnancy
Term
puerpera
Definition
childbirth (a woman who has just given birth)
Term
puerperal
Definition
pertaining to (immediately after) childbirth
Term
breech presentation
Definition
parturition (act of giving birth) in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first
Term
cesarean section (CS, C-section)
Definition
the birth of a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus (caesarean)
Term
congenital anomaly
Definition
abnormality present at birth
Term
lochia
Definition
vaginal discharge after childbirth
Term
meconium
Definition
first stool of the newborn (greenish black)
Term
obstetrician
Definition
physician who specializes in obstetrics
Term
obstetrics (OB)
Definition
medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium
Term
parturition
Definition
act of giving birth
Term
premature infant
Definition
infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation
Term
puerperium
Definition
period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal (approximately 6 weeks)
Term
C/S, C-section
Definition

cesarean section

(abbreviation)

Term
DOB
Definition

date of birth

(abbreviation)

Term
EDD
Definition

expected (estimated) date of delivery

(abbreviation)

Term
LMP
Definition

last menstrual period

(abbreviation)

Term
LNMP
Definition

last normal menstrual period

(abbreviation)

Term
multip
Definition

multipara

(abbreviation)

Term
NB
Definition

newborn

(abbreviation)

Term
OB
Definition

obstetrics

(abbreviation)

Term
RDS
Definition

respiratory distress syndrome

(abbreviation)

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