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| What is the bridge between generations? |
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| What tells the cell which protein to build? |
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| copies DNA and divides a nucleus producing two identical nuclei. It occurs in somatic cells of multicelled eukaryotes |
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| What is the basis of increase in body-size during growth, replacement of dead cells, and tissue repair? |
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| makes copies of themselves |
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| By what process do individual cells or organism produce offsprings? |
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| A woman who died of cancer at age 31 with her cells still growing in laboratories. |
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Definition
| nuclear division that produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction |
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Term
| What is the basis of sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHat process do eukaryotic cells reproduce? |
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Term
| WHat process do prokaryotic cells reproduce? |
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| immature reproductive cells |
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Term
| WHat is the function of mitosius and cytoplasmic divisio? |
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Definition
1. increase body size during growth
2. replacement of dead cells
3. repair damage tissue |
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Definition
| smallest unit of structural organization in eukaryotic chromosome |
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Definition
| series of events from one cell division to the next. Involves Interphase, Mitosis, Cytoplasmic division. |
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Definition
| cell increase in mass roughly doubles the number of components in its cytoplasm and duplicates its DNA. Involves G1, S, G2 |
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Term
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Definition
1. characteriostic number of chromosomes that differ in length and shape
2. each consists of one double stand DNA
3. after duplication, each consist of two double strands that is attached in a centromere |
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Term
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Definition
| interval or gap of cell growth and functioning before the onset of DNA replication (CHromosome unduplicated) |
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Definition
| time of synthesis when DNA replication is completed (chromosome duplicated) |
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Definition
| second gap after DNA replication when the cell prepares for division |
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Term
| Where do most cell activities take places? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosome number does gorrillas, pea plants, and humans have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many diploid cells do humans have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sex co=hromosome of females and male? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHat are the stages of Mitosis? |
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Definition
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When do cell cycle starts and when do they end? |
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Definition
| They start when a new cell forms by division of a parent cell and ends when the cell completes its own division |
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Term
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Definition
when chromosome become visible in light microscopes as threadlike forms.
chromosome condenses, microtubules form a bipolar spindle, nuclear envelope breaks up |
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Term
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Definition
| a region near the nucleus that organizes spindle microtubules nside two centrioles |
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Definition
| dupliated chromosomes are aligned midway |
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Definition
| sister chromatids of each chromosome are moved toward opposite spindle poles |
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Definition
| chromosome reaches a spindle pole and new nuclear envelope formns around the cluster |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in early prophase? |
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Definition
| Mitosis begins. In the nucleus, the chromatin begins to appear grainy as it organizes and condenses. The centrosome duplicated. |
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Term
| What happens in the transition to metaphase? |
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Definition
| The nuclear envelope is gone, and the chromosomes are at their most condensed. Microtubules of the bipolar spindle assemble and attach sister chromatids to opposite spindle poles. |
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Term
| Mitosis divides the ___, not the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| In most kinds of eukaryotes, the cell cytoplasm divides between what? |
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Definition
| late anaphase and end of telophase |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of cytoplasmic division |
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Term
| How do animals cells divide? |
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Definition
| contractile ring mechanism |
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Term
| How do plant cells divide? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that can activate other molecules by transferring a phosphate group to them |
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Term
| What happens when checkpoints fails? |
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Definition
| cell loses control over the cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal masses of cells that lost control over how they grow and divide |
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Term
| Mitosis and cytoplasmic function is: |
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Definition
- asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes
- growth, tissue repair, often asexual reproduction |
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Term
| A duplicated chromosome has __ chromatids. |
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Definition
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Term
| the basic unit that structurally organize a eukaryotic chromosome is the __. |
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Definition
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Term
| The chromosome number is__. |
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Definition
-sum of all chromosome in cells of given type
- identifiable feature of each species
- maintained by mitosis |
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Term
| A somatic cell having two of each type of chromosome has a __ chromosome number. |
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Definition
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Term
| Interphase is part of cell cycle when __. |
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Definition
| a cell grows and duplicates its DNA |
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Term
| After mitosis, the chromosome number of a duaghter cell is ___ the parent cells's. |
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Definition
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Term
| Only __is not a stage of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the cytoplasm divides? |
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Definition
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Term
| In animal cells, the cytoplasm pinches in __. |
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Definition
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Term
| in plant cells, what form in the cytoplasm and divides it. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can activate kinases to start mitosis |
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Definition
| gene product inhibit mitosis |
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Definition
| products stimulate mitosis |
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