Term
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Definition
| in cells when endergonic reactions needed for life are paired with exergonic reactions requiring ATP |
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Term
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Definition
produces ATP from molecules with high potential energy (glucose); four components:
- glycolysis
- pyruvate processing
- the citric acid cycle
- electron transport and chemiosmosis
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Term
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Definition
| adenosine triphosphate; consists of 3 phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine |
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Term
| redox reaction (reduction-oxidation reaction) |
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Definition
| chemical reactions that involve electron transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom or molecule gains an electron |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom or molecule loses an electron |
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Term
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Definition
- glucose is broken down to 2 pyruvate
- occurs in the cytosol of cell
- 10 enzymatic reactions (metabolic pathway)
- 2 ATP invested, 4 ATP paid out, Net of 2 ATP
- 2 NADH paid out
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Term
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Definition
- pyruvate is oxidized to form acetyl CoA
- out puts 2 CO2 and 2 NADH
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Term
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Definition
- acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO2
- 8 steps oxidize the acetyl CoA
- occurs in mitochondrial matrix
- per pyruvate: 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 4 CO2
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Term
| substrate level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| generates ATP by sticking the P back on ADP |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of products that inhibit an enzyme, occurs during glycolysis by ATP and the citric acid cycle by ATP and NADH |
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Term
| most of glucose's original energy is contained in... |
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Definition
| the electrons transferred to NADH and FADH2 |
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Term
| final electron acceptor in cellular respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| chemiosmosis/ oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| H+ ions are pumped out into the inner membrane space to create an ion gradient. H+ cannot freely diffuse down concentration gradient bc of charge so it flows through the ATP synthase which makes ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that phosphorylates |
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Term
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Definition
| making ATP in the absence of oxygen, occurs when pyruvate accepts electrons from NADH |
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Term
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Definition
| pyruvate accepts electrons from NADH and lactate and NAD+ are produced, occurs in muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| pyruvate is enzymatically converted to acetaldehyde and CO2. Acetaldehyde accepts electrons from NADH and Ethanol and NAD+ are produced, occurs in yeast |
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Term
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Definition
| energy and carbon are required; energy makes ATP and carbon-containing molecules for synthesizing macromolecules. catabolic pathways and anabolic pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| the breakdown of molecules and the production of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| result in the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller components; polymerization |
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