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Chapter 9
Life 102 Chapter 9
28
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/10/2011

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Term
Fermentation
Definition
A partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
Consumes organic molecules and oxygen and yields ATP
Term
Anaerobic Respiration
Definition
Consumes compounds other than oxygen
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
Includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration
Term
C6 H12 O6 + 602 (6 carbon, 12 Hydrogen, 6 Oxygen)
Definition
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy + 30-32 ATP + heat ( 6 Carbon Dioxide, 6 Water, Energy, 30-32 ATP, Heat)
Term
Oxidation
Definition
The addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons.
Term
Redox Reactions
Definition
Chemical Reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactions
Term
Oxidation #2
Definition
A substance loses electrons, or is oxidized
Term
Reduction
Definition
A substance gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced)
Term
Reducing Agent
Definition
Electron Donor
Term
Oxidizing Agent
Definition
The electron receptor
Term
NAD+
Definition
A coenzyme, electrons from organic compounds are usually transferred to this.
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition
NADH passes the electrons to this.
Term
Cellular Respiration (3 Stages)
Definition
Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation.
Term
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Definition
A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Term
Oxaloacetate
Definition
1st part of citric acid acycle
Term
Citrate
Definition
2nd Part of citric acid cycle
Term
Isocitrate
Definition
3rd part of Citric Acid Cycle
Term
Keto-glutarate
Definition
4th product of citric acid cycle
Term
Succinyl CoA
Definition
5th Product of citric acid cycle
Term
CoA-8H
Definition
6th prlduct of citric acid cycle
Term
Succinate
Definition
7th product of citric acid cycle
Term
Fumarate
Definition
8th part of citric acid cycle
Term
Malate
Definition
9th product of citric acid cycle
Term
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Definition
Pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of Carbon Dioxide
Term
Obligate anaerobes
Definition
Carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Term
Facultative anaerobes
Definition
Yeast and bacteria, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration
Term
Glucose going through glycolysis =
Definition
2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH
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