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Chapter 9
Sections 1&2
30
Biology
9th Grade
05/09/2010

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Term
genetics
Definition
the field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring
Term
heredity
Definition
the transmission of characteristics from parent
Term
trait
Definition
a genetically determined variant of a characteristic
Term
pollination
Definition
when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts of a flower are transferred to the female reproductive parts of a flower
Term
self-pollination
Definition
pollen transferred to the same flower or a flower on the same plant
Term
cross-pollination
Definition
pollination between flowers of two plants
Term
true-breeding
Definition
when a plant keeps a certain trait through self-pollination
Term
P generation
Definition
true-breeding parents
Term
F1 generation
Definition
the first filial generation ; offspring of the P generation
Term
F2 generation
Definition
the second filial generation
Term
dominant
Definition
masked the other trait in the pair
Term
recessive
Definition
a trait that doesn't appear in the F1 generation but reappears in the F2 generation
Term
law of segregation
Definition
a pair of factors in separated during the formation of gametes
Term
law of independent assortment
Definition
factors separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes
Term
molecular genetics
Definition
the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes
Term
allele
Definition
each of two or more a;ternative forms of a gene
Term
genotype
Definition
an organism's genetic makeup
Term
phenotype
Definition
an organism's appearance
Term
homozygous
Definition
when both alleles are alike
Term
heterozygous
Definition
when the two alleles are different
Term
probability
Definition
the likelihood that a specific event will occur
Term
monohybrid cross
Definition
a cross in which only one characteristic is tracked
Term
punnett square
Definition
a diagram used to predict eh probable distribution of inhertied traits in the offspring
Term
genotypic ratio
Definition
the ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring
Term
phenoytypic ratio
Definition
the ratio of the offspring's phenotypes
Term
testcross
Definition
the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
Term
complete dominance
Definition
one allele is completely dominant over the other
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes determined by the dominant and recessive traits
Term
codominance
Definition
both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring
Term
dihybrid cross
Definition
a cross in which twi characteristics are tracked
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