Term
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Definition
-Concrete Operational Stage
-the capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction, returning to the starting point |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representations of familiar, large-scale spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight |
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Term
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Definition
| The concrete operational child can seriate mentally |
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Term
| improvement in memory strategies |
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Definition
| rehearsal, organization, elaboration |
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Term
| cognitive self-regulation |
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Definition
| the process of continuously monitoring progress toward a goal, checking outcomes, and redirecting unsuccessful efforts |
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Term
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Definition
| children are first coached on phonics-the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds |
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Term
| Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences |
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Definition
| defines intelligence in terms of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to engage in a wide range of culturally valued activities. |
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Term
| triarchic theory of successful intelligence |
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Definition
| (1) analytical intelligence, or information-processing skills, (2) creative intelligence, capacity to solve novel problems, (3) practical intelligence, application of intellectual skills in everyday situations |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear of being judged on the basis of a negative stereotype-can trigger anxiety that interferes with performance |
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Term
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Definition
| Has narrowed the focus of the curriculum to test preparation and promote a one-size-fits-all education |
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Term
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Definition
| the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making. Students are relatively passive, and their progress evaluated by how well they keep pace with uniform set of standards for their grade |
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Term
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Definition
| Encourages students to construct their own knowledge. Teacher guides and supports in response to children's needs. Students are evaluated by considering their progress in relation to their own prior development |
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Term
| social-constructivist classroom |
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Definition
| Teachers and children as partners in learning. Experiences with many types of symbolic communication in meaningful activities. Teaching adopted to each child's zone of proximal development |
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Term
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Definition
| the generation of multiple and unusual possibilities, when faced with a task or problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to produce work that is original yet appropriate-something others have not thought of that is useful in some way |
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