Term
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Definition
| specific; bring amino acids to ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| has an amino acid connected to it |
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Term
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Definition
complementary to the codon for amino acid carried by tRNA
(3' to 5' direction) |
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Term
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
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Definition
-1 per amino acid
-link amino acid to the tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
loose pairing -> tRNA's recognize and bind to several alternative codons (not just 1 with complementary sequence)
-several codons can pair with more than one anticodon |
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Term
| sites of protein synthesis |
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Definition
A site: binds incoming aminoacyl-tRNA
P site: tRNA binds - growing peptide chain
E site: contains deacytelated tRNA that is ready to be released from the ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
translate the sequence of nucleotide codons in mRNA into the sequence of amino acids in protein
small & large subunit
small: binding site for mRNA
large: where peptide chain grows through
composed of rRNA |
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Term
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Definition
binds directly to the P site with the help of initiation factors -> initiates translation
eukaryotes: AUG initiation codon |
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Term
peptidyl transferase center |
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Definition
| where peptide-bond formation is catalyzed (composed of rRNA) - the large ribosomal subunit functions as a ribozyme to catalyze peptide-bond formation |
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Term
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Definition
| pairs rRNA (small subunit) to mRNA and correctly positions initiator codon in the P site where initiator tRNA will bind |
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Term
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Definition
| remove regions of secondary structure so the aUg initiator codon is exposed |
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Term
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Definition
| tRNA mutation that suppresses the protein truncation - anticodon is mutated to recognize the stop codon so that when the ribosome reaches the stop codon, the nonsense mutation will sometimes bind and incorporate its amino acid (instead of the regular release factor binding and causing termination), allowing translation to continue |
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