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Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction and the Cell Cycle
6
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/05/2009

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Term
                  Interphase 
Definition

period between mitosis events (3 stages)

                   G1 stage-cell grows in size and the organelles increase in number

                   S stage – DNA synthesis occurs (sister chromatids are formed)

                   G2 stage – cell prepares for mitosis

M stage – mitosis (nuclear division)  and cytokinesis  (division of the cytoplasm.

Term

Control of the Cell Cycle

Definition

certain types of cells continually divide, while others are arrested in the G1 and G2 phase

-There are three regulatory check points the cells must move through for cell division to occur

 

G1 stage -------->  S stage

G2 stage---------> M stage

M checkpoint

 

Enzymes know as cyclins and kinases regulate the passage of cells through these checkpoints

Term
Kinases
Definition

enzymes that remove phosphate from ATP and put it on another protein

Term
Cyclins
Definition
proteins that activat kinases, which in turn activate enzymes
Term
To procede through the G1 stage
Definition

S stage, when S-cyclin  combines with S-kinase, the kinase can then phosphorylate a protein that allows the cell cycle to continue.

Term
To procede through the G2 stage
Definition

M stage, when M-cyclin  combines with M-kinase, the kinase can then phosphorylate a protein that allows the cell cycle to continue.

Failure to regulate the cell cycle  can result in uncontrolled cell division-Cancer

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