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Definition
| The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party |
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Definition
| Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies |
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| A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty. |
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Definition
| Reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission. |
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Definition
| The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected |
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Term
| Independent Regulatory Commission |
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Definition
| An entity created by Congress outside a major executive department |
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Definition
| Major administrative unites with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture. |
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| Independent Executive Agencies |
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Definition
| Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility, and perform services rather than regulatory functions. |
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| Business established by Congress to perform functions that could be provided by the private businesses, |
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| The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist riles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate. |
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| Federal Employees Political Activities Act of 1993 |
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Definition
| The 1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in nonpartisan elections and to contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections. |
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Definition
| The process by which a law pr policy is put into action |
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Definition
| The relatively stable relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. |
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Definition
| The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas. |
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Definition
| Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies. |
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Term
| administrative Discretion |
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Definition
| The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A quasi-legislative process that results in regulations that have characteristics of a legislative act. |
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Term
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| Rules that govern the operations of all government programs that have the force of law. |
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Term
| Administrative Adjudication |
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Definition
| A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rule or regulation issues by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders but be published by the Federal Register. |
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