Term
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Definition
the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do
two types:
- extrinsic
- intrinsic |
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Term
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Definition
a type of motivation
we engage in our behavior for some external pay off
OR
we engage in our behavior to avoid an external punishment
example: kids who are paid for good grades |
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Term
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Definition
a type of motivation
we engage in our behavior because we enjoy it
example: Vieira enjoys ballroom dancing, so she takes classes for the fun of it |
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Term
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Definition
as a drive becomes stronger, we are motivated to reduce it in order to maintain homeostasis
need --> imbalance --> behavior to bring body back into balance
criticisms: does not explain all human behavior since some people do not want to be in a state of homeostasis
--> skydivers seek the arousal |
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Term
| the types of people motivation relates differently to |
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Definition
- need for achievement (nAch)
--> strong desire to succeed and attain goals
- need for affiliation (nAff)
--> need for friendly and social interactions
--> want to be liked by everyone and for everyone to get along
- need for power (nPow)
--> need to have control over others, regardless if wrong
--> want to be heard and show off |
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Term
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Definition
theory stating people have an optimum level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation
people differ in the amount of arousal they need, such as sensation seekers, who need more complex and varied sensory experiences
example: Dean Potter - sensation seeker who tight ropes on cliffs |
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Term
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Definition
states performance is related to arousal
moderate levels of arousal lead to better performance than arousal levels that are either too low or too high
arousal levels vary, depending on the difficulty level of the task
--> easy tasks require high-moderate levels of arousal
--> difficult tasks require low-moderate levels of arousal |
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Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy Level of Needs |
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Definition
claims we must fulfill the basic needs first, before fulfilling the higher needs
8 needs:
Peggy = Physiological Needs
Sue = Safety Needs
Blissfully Licked = Belongingness/Love Needs
Edward = Esteem Needs
Cullen's = Cognitive Needs
Ass. = Aesthetic Needs
So-Appetizingly = Self-Actualization Needs
Tasty! = Transcendence |
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Term
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Definition
the bottom level of Maslow's pyramid of needs
the need to satisfy thirst, hunger, fatigue, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
the second level from the bottom of Maslow's pyramid of needs
the need to feel secure and out of danger |
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Term
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Definition
the third level from the bottom of Maslow's pyramid of needs
the need to be with others and to be accepted |
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Term
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Definition
the fourth level from the bottom of Maslow's pyramid of needs
the need to achieve, be competent, and gain approval and recognition |
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Term
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Definition
the fourth level from the top of Maslow's pyramid of needs
the need to know, understand, and explore |
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Term
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Definition
the third level from the top of Maslow's pyramid of needs
the need to appreciate symmetry, order, and beauty |
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Term
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Definition
the second level from the top of Maslow's pyramid of needs
the need to find self-fulfillment and realize one's own potential |
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Term
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Definition
the top level of Maslow's pyramid of needs
the need to help others achieve self-fulfillment |
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Term
| factors influencing hunger |
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Definition
psychological cues
- sadness
- anxiety/stress
- boredom
social cues
- seeing others eat
- being offered food
- thanksgiving
cultural factors and gender
- US women emotionally eat
- Japanese women eat socially and when actually hungry
- US men and women are more likely to eat while watching TV/movies, compared to the Japanese |
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Term
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Definition
| the "feeling" aspect of consciousness |
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Term
| the three elements of emotion |
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Definition
1. the physiology of emotion
- a physical arousal created by the nervous system
- heart rate increases, breathing is rapid, pupils are dilated, and mouth dries
2. the behavior of emotion: emotional expression
- a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world
- facial expressions, body movements, and actions indicate how a person feels
3. an inner awareness of feelings |
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Term
| the seven universal facial expressions |
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Definition
1. sadness
2. anger
3. fear
4. contempt
5. happiness
6. surprise
7. disgust
even those blind from birth are able to produce these |
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Term
| the common sense theory of emotion |
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Definition
a theory of emotion
stimulus --> emotion --> bodily arousal
"I am aroused because I am afraid. |
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Term
| the james-lange theory of emotion |
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Definition
a theory of emotion
stimulus --> bodily arousal --> emotion
"I am afraid because I am aroused."
- "I am embarrassed be cause I am blushing."
- "I am nervous because my stomach is uneasy." |
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Term
| the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion |
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Definition
a theory of emotion
stimulus --> bodily arousal <--> emotion
"I am afraid and aroused at the same time." |
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