Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a receptor protein? |
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Definition
| the molecule to which the signal binds |
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Term
| What is signal transductions? |
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Definition
| the interaction between ligands and receptor proteins |
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Term
| what four basic mechanisms do cells communicate through? |
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Definition
| direct contact, paracrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and synaptic signaling |
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Term
| What is autocrine signaling? |
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Definition
| cells sending signals to themselves |
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Term
| What happens in direct contact? |
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Definition
| the cells must be touching each together or very close |
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Term
| How does paracrine signaling occur? |
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Definition
| a cell that releases the molecule is in the same vicinity as the target cell. |
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Term
| How does endocrine signaling work? |
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Definition
| cells use the circulatory system to go through the body |
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Term
| What happens in synaptic signaling? |
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Definition
| the cells of the nervous system provide rapid communication with distant cells |
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Term
| What is chemical synapse? |
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Definition
| the association of a nueron and its target cell |
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Term
| What is the signal molecule in synaptic signaling? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the additon of phosphate groups |
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Term
| What are the 3 possible effects of binding a signal molecule to the receptor? |
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Definition
| they cause a gene to be expressed, cause a gene to stop being expressed, or it can cause a previously inactive enzyme to become active |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of enzyme that adds phosphate groups from ATP to proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that removes phosphate groups |
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Term
| what are the 3 basic cell-surface receptors? |
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Definition
| ion channels, enzymatic activation, and the g protein |
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Term
| how is calcium important in intracellular signaling? |
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Definition
| enzymes that have a lack of are inactive |
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Term
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Definition
| molecular gates that are triggered to chemically open or close, forms a central pore |
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Term
| describe enzymatic activation |
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Definition
| it acts as an enzyme when signal is bound, it binds the signal extracellulary, catalzyez responses intracellulary |
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Term
| describe g protein-coupled receptors |
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Definition
| links protein with receptor |
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Term
| what are the three physical connections between cells? |
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Definition
| tight junctions, anchoring junctions, and communication junctions |
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Term
| What do tight junctions do? |
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Definition
| they connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet |
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Term
| What do anchoring junctions do? |
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Definition
| mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeleton of other cells |
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Term
| What do communicating junctions do? |
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Definition
| chemical or electrical signal passes directly from one cell to one adjacent one |
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