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| Mental activities associated with knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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| Scientists who study these mental activities are cognitive psychologists |
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| Mental groupings of similar things, events, or people. |
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| Integrating categories, imagine diagram |
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| Specifics of a concept, such as the breed of a dog. dog being the concept, breed the prototype |
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| Step by step procedures for problem solving |
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| SIMPLE problem solving strategies that provide us with shortcuts, experience based. |
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| Frontal lobe (involves focusing and attention) activity along with a burst of activity in the right temporal lobe. Causing you to suddenly realize the problems solution |
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| Looking for info. that supports your preconceptions |
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| Not being able to see things from a new perspective when solving a problem |
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| Repeating solutions that have worked in the past, example of fixation |
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| Not being able to envision using an object in an atypical way. |
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| Judging how well something matches a stereotype (prototype) ie. gangsters committing murders, boys being better at sports than girls |
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| Judging the likelihood of something in terms of how quick it comes to mind. |
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| Overestimating the accuracy of their knowledge |
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| Takes more evidence for us to change the concept than it did to create it. |
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| Cure for belief perseverance |
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| The way an issue is posed |
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| Basic SOUND units of language, english has 40 |
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| Phonemes are grouped into units of MEANING, pre- in preview, ed- to show past tense |
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| System of rules that enable us to speak and others to understand |
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| The system by which MEANING is derived from morphemes, words, and sentences. |
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| Rules to combine words into grammatically sensible sentences. |
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| Ability to comprehend speech |
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| First stage of language development, in which children spontaneously utter different sounds., begins at 4 months. |
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| Deaf children's way of natural babbling sounds formed by bunching the tongue in the front of the mouth. |
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| Children convey complete thoughts with 1 words, occurs at about 1 year of age. |
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| aka two word stage, speaking in sentences containing mostly nouns and verbs. Does follow rules of syntax |
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| Skinner's Language Development Belief |
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| Language development following general principles of learning, including association, imitation, and reinforcement. In other words nurture |
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| Chomsky Language Development Belief |
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| Were all born with a language aquisition device in which grammar switches are thrown as children experience their language. All human language has the same grammatical building blocks, which suggests that there is a universal grammar. (NATURE) |
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| Involved in producing speech, controls motor cortex |
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| Involve's understanding speech |
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| Involved in recoding printed words into auditory form |
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| Geschwind explains how we use language: when we read aloud the words register in the brain's visual area, relayed to angular gyrus, which transforms them into an auditory code that is received and understood in wernick's area and sent to broca's area which controls the motor cortex as it creates the pronounced word. |
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| Benjamin Whorf says language shapes our thinking and with different languages you have a different sense of self |
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| Better able to inhibit their attention to irrelevant info. |
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| Thinking in terms of mental picture, athletes often do this |
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