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| jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies ofr their support |
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| the firing of public-ofice holders of a defeated political party in order to replace them with loyalists of the newly party |
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| Civil Service Reform Act / Pendleton Act (1883) |
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| reform measure that created the civil service commission to administer a partial merit system. Act classified the federal service by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination. Made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular party. |
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| system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, and appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive examinations |
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| -independent regulatory commissions |
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| an agency created by congress that is generally concerned with a specific aspect of the economy |
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| businesses established by congress to perform functions that can be provided by private businesses |
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| -independent executive agencies |
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| governmental units that closely resemble a cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and are not part of any cabinet department |
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| stable relationships and patterns of interactions that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees |
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| loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas |
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| President Andrew Jackson fundamentally changed the nature of the federal bureaucracy by implementing |
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| The Pendleton Act established that civil servants would be selected on the basis o |
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| regulate labor practices and employer-employee relations. |
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| he Department of Commerce and Labor was established by Theodore Roosevelt to |
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| Which bureaucracy was created to regulate the rates charged by railroads for shipping freight? |
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| The ratification of the ________ Amendment in 1913, gave Congress the authority to implement a federal income tax, and thus allowed government to grow even more. |
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| Currently, there are _________ Cabinet-level departments. |
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| provide electricity to a part of the country that had not been served by private utilities. |
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| The Tennessee Valley Authority was established to |
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| Administrative adjudication |
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| _________ is when an agency settles a dispute between two parties in a court-like process. |
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| is a quasi-legislative process that can be used to exercise administrative discretion, and which results in policies that have the effect of laws. |
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| What is the most frequently used form of congressional oversight? |
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| f you work for the Environmental Protection Agency, you cannot work for Barack Obama's reelection campaign because |
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| An executive order to add gender to the list of groups that the government could not discriminate against |
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| Lyndon Johnson used what presidential power over the bureaucracy to prohibit gender discrimination in awarding government contracts? |
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