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| any lobbying method initiated by an interest group that is designed to look like the spontaneous, independent participation of many individuals |
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| interest groups that have a headquarters, usually in washington, DC, as well as members and field offices throughout the country. In general, these groups' lobbying decisions are made at headquarters by the group leaders |
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| a type of interest group that seeks changes in spending, regulations or government programs concerning a wide range of policies. |
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| a method of eliminating non participation or free riding by potential group members by requiring participation, as in many labor unions |
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| interest groups made up of several independent, local organizations that provide much of their funding and hold most of the power |
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| attempts by interest group staff to influence policy by speaking with elected officials or bureaucrats |
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| a type of interest of interest group that seeks public policies that provide monetary benefits to its members |
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| the practice of relying on others to contribute to a collective effort while failing to participate on one's own behalf yet still benefiting from the groups success |
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| a lobbying strategy that relies on participation by group members, such as a protest or a letter writing campaign. |
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| a direct vote by citizens on a policy change proposed by fellow citizens or organized groups outside government. |
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| the tactics employed within washington, dc, by interest groups seeking to achieve their policy goals |
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| a government in which most policy decisions are determined by the influence of interest groups |
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| an organization of people who share common political interests and aim to influence public policy by electioneering and lobbying |
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| a group of politically like-minded people that is not represented by any interest group. |
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| efforts to influence public policy through contract with public officials on behalf of an interest group |
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| interest groups that have a large number of dues paying individuals as members. |
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