Term
| vertically and horizontally |
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Definition
| Genetic Information in prokaryotes can be transferred ___ and ____. |
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Term
| Vertical Gene Transfer (VGT) |
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Definition
| the transfer of genetic material from parent cell to daughter cell |
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Term
| Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) |
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Definition
| the transfer of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the uptake and expression of DNA in a recipient cell, by the integration of a new DNA fragment, the recipient has gained some ability it previously lacked |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a recipient cell to take up DNA from the environment, which may give the recipient the ability to be more pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
| involves cell-to-cell contact for horizontal gene transfer, in which a donor cell (F+) transfers DNA directly to the recipient (F-), which is done by the donor cell forming a conjugation pilus to make contact with the recipient cell |
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Term
| Rolling Circle Mechanisms |
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Definition
| the F factor DNA in the donor replicates this way |
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Term
| High Frequency Replication (Hfr) |
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Definition
| strains can donate chromosomal genes rather than just the F plasmid |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches to the chromosome using an insertion sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| When conjugation is usually interrupted before the entire chromosome is transferred. The recipient remains F- called.. |
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Term
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Definition
| If an integrated F plasmid breaks from the chromosome taking a fragment of chromosomal DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| involved viruses as agents for horizontal transfer of DNA, a virus (Bacteriophage) carries a chromosomal DNA fragment from donor to recipient |
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Term
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Definition
| virulent phages 1.) destroy the host chromosome 2.) replicate themselves 3.) destroy the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| temperate phages integrate their DNA into the host chromosome as a prophage |
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Term
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Definition
| performed by virulent phages, a fragment of host cell DNA ends up in the phage during packaging, which they transfer to a new host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the prophage eventually excises itself from the host chromosome, sometimes taking a few nearby host genes and leaving a few phage genes behind |
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Term
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Definition
| born from genetic recombination, involves changing the genetic material in an organism to alter its traits or products |
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Term
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Definition
| the commercial and industrial products derived from genetic engineering |
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Term
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Definition
| contains DNA fragments spliced together from 2 or more organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| specific fragments can be obtained by cutting short stretches of nucleotides with this |
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Term
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Definition
| joins fragments during recombination of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| The genes responsible for producing human insulin can be cloned into bacteria is an example of... |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria can be _____ _____ to break down toxic wastes and produce antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| has been engineered using microbial genes for herbicidal activity and viral resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Cows produce more milk when injected with this which is produced by engineered bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific nucleotide sequences in pathogens allows us to identify them using these |
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Term
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Definition
| a single strand DNA that recognize and bind with a specific nucleotide sequence of the pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| used to identify HPV DNA in a pap smear |
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