Term
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus |
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Definition
| STAR- subscapularis, thoracodorsal, axillary, radial |
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Term
| Muscles innervated by Musculo Cutaneous |
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Definition
| BBC- Biceps, brachialis, coricobrachialis |
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Term
| Median Nerve function and sensory areas |
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Definition
Flexes thumb, flexes wrist and fingers 2,3, opposition of thumb, abduction of wrist and pronation
Sensory area over thumb and fingers 2 and 3 and lateral side of 4 |
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Term
| Ulnar Nerve function and sensory |
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Definition
Flexes fingers 4,5; adduction and flexion of wrist; adduction of thumb, finger adduction and abduction
Sensory of fingers 4 (medial) and 5 and hypothenar palm |
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Term
| Axillary Nerve function and sensory area |
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Definition
| Abduction of arm past 15* and sensory over where you punch someone in the arm |
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Term
| Radial nerve function and sensory |
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Definition
Extension of arm, elbow, wrist and fingers, supination of arm, thumb abduction in plane of the palm
Sensory: Back lateral upper arm, elbow, back of hand thumb and fingers 2/3 |
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Term
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Definition
RUM- radial ulnar and median
Radial- abduction of thumb in plane (Abductir pollics longus)
Ulnar- adduction- adductor pollics
Median- flexion (flexor pollics longus/brevis) |
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Term
| Intrensic Hand muscles of Thenar Eminence |
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Definition
| Thenar Eminence- Oppones pollic, abductor pollics brevis, flexor pollics brevis, adductor pollics |
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Term
| Internsic muscles of the Hypothenar eminence |
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Definition
| Hypothenar Eminence- oppones digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitiminimi |
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Term
| All internsic hand muscles are innervated by ulnar nerve except LOAF C8-T1 |
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Definition
| Lumbricals I and II, Oppones pollics, abductor pollicis brevis, and Flexor pollics brevis: all done by median nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Radial abducts thumb, ulnar adducts thumb, median does oppositin and perpendicular abduction of thumb |
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Term
| Where to test the extensor digitorum (Radial nerve and C7) |
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Definition
| Test at metacarpophalangeal joints due to the proximal and distal phalanges are also controlled by the lumbricals |
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Term
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Definition
Palmer interossi adduction
Dorsal Interossi abduction |
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Term
| Femoral Nerve actions and sensory |
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Definition
Flexion of leg at hip, leg extension at knee
Sensory along top of thigh and medial leg (saphenous nerve) |
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Term
| Obtuator Nerve fucntion and sensory |
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Definition
Adduction of thigh
Sensory- medial thigh |
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Term
| Sciatic Nerve function and sensory |
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Definition
Flexion of knee and then breaks off into fibular and tibial nerve
Sensory is due to this break off |
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Term
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Definition
Plantar Flex foot, inversion and flex toes
Tip of toes 2-5 and bottom of foot sensory |
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Term
| Superficial Peroneal Nerve |
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Definition
Foot Eversion
Sensory of lateral leg and top of foot |
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Term
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Definition
Dorsaflexion of foot, and toe externsion
Sensory- btw big toe and first toe |
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Term
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Definition
Upper trunk brachial plexus injury:
Results in loss of function of C5 and C6:
Weak deltoids, bices, infraspinaous and wrist extensors--> Waitors Tip |
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Term
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Definition
Lower Trunk Brachial Plexus injury: Fall from a tree
Weakness in C8 and T1: hand and finger weakness, atrophy of hypothenar eminance (ulnar): if T1 is injured near the Superior Sympathetic trunk it could lead to Horners syndrome as well |
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Term
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Definition
Lower plexus is compressed by clavical and first rib resulting in hand strength loss
Symptoms increase when you abduct and externally rotate arm, and can see a decrease in brachial pulse |
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Term
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Definition
Tumor of upper lobe of the lung that leads to compression of lower brachial plexus, can cause some horners symptoms, and can lead to horseness of vocie by affecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Extreme cases will affect the entire brachial plexus and can lead to loss of function of the entire arm |
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Term
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Definition
dislocation of proximal humerous can lead to deltoid weakness and difficulty abducting the arm
Need to rule out C5 radiculopathy by nothing that the biceps are involved in a c5 radiculopathy but not in the axillary neuropathy |
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Term
| Brachial Plexitisi (Neuritis/ Parsonage Turner Syndrome) |
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Definition
| Burning Shoulder or lateral neck pain followed by arm weakness due to inflammation of BP |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrist Drop due to weak extensors of hand and fingers, weak supinaton, weak tricep reflex, and sensory loss over the elbow and lateral back of hand |
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Term
| Posterior Interossous Nerve damage distal to triceps |
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Definition
| ONLY extensor weakness of wrist and fingers, no sensory loss and tricep reflex is intact |
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Term
| Handcuff neuropathy- Cheiralgia Paresthetica |
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Definition
| Compression of the radial branch of superficial radial nerve will result in tenderness over dosal lateral aspect of hand |
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Term
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Definition
Entrapment thru the pronator teres , injury to median nerve by fratured humerous or radius, honeymooners palsy
Results in weak thumb 1/2 finger flexion, thumb opposition, wrist flexion and abduction
Preachers hand- thenar atrophy and sensory loss of thumb and 2/3 fingers median of 4th |
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Term
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Definition
| Results in ulnar claw due weak wrist flexion and adduction, finger add and ab ducttion, flexion of 4th and 5th giner and sensory loss over 4th and 5th finger and hypothenar emenance. |
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Term
| Compression of ulnar nerve as it passes over hook of hamat |
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Definition
| results are due to coompression for prolonged time, like bike riding, and results in weak add and abduction of fingers but has no sensory loss |
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Term
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Definition
occurs where the median nerve passes under the flexor retinaculum of the wrist.
Affects the LOAF muscles- Lumbricals I/II Oppones pollics, abductor pollics brevis and flexor pollics brevis
Test the abductor pollics brevis to see if there is median carpal tunnel by making the patient attempt to abduct finger perpendicular to hand |
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Term
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Definition
Issue with flexion at thigh and extension at knee, loss of patellar reflex, and sensory loss of front of thigh
To differentiate from L3/L4 radiculopathy note if there is an issue with adduction of thigh due to obtuator nerve issue, which will not present in the neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
| Weakness of foot muscles, inversion, eversion, doraflexion, loss of achilles tendon reflex and sensory of medial lower leg and foot |
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Term
| Peroneal Nerve Palsy (Fibular) |
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Definition
Fibular nerve passes around the head of the fibula and can be lacerated or compressed
See a foot drop with weak dorsiflexion, eversion and sesory loss of dorsolateral foot and shins
difference between L5 radiculopathy is that inversion will be spared due to the tibialis posterior (tibial nerve innervates) is still intact in peroneal palsy |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve compression (L2/L3), tight jean syndrome, can lead to loss of sensory in lateral thigh and no motor or reflex loss |
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Term
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Definition
Tight fitting shoes compress distal foot nerves
Especially 3/4th toes with numbness and paresthesia |
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Term
| Proximal Dorsal Root Lesions vs. Distal Dorsal Root Lesions |
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Definition
| Proximal Lesions of motor nerve root cause degeneration of distal moror neurons and reduce or abolish the CMAP (compound motor action potential) while proximal to the dorsal root ganglion will leave the sensory neurons intact and not affect CMAP |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of ACH receptors, when stimulated repeatedly by slow bursts of electricity there is a gradual decress in CMAP amplitude due to depletion of ACH stores |
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Term
| Eaton-Lambert Syndrome/Botulism |
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Definition
| Decreased presynaptic neurotranmitter release, fast stimulation of nerve leads to increased CMAP due to low starting point that is abnormally low |
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Term
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Definition
Will show increased spontaneous activity (fasculations of muslce) and can occur due to muscle deinnervation
Will have large amplitude and duration on MPU's
Recruitment patterns has normal amplitude but show interrupted firing since some motor units are not being activated sucessfully |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced motor action potentials amplitude and duration, Recruitment pattern is continous or increased (due to more motor units activated for a given force) but amplitude is decreased |
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