substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity

 subunit of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

  the rule stating that in DNA adenine on one strand always pairs with a thymine on the opposite strand and guanine on one strand always pairs with a cytosine on the opposite strand

characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other

 enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases during DNA replication

a Y shaped point that results when a double helix of DNA separates sp that it can be copied

enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA by adding complementary nucleotides

nitrogen containing base of RNA, complementary to adenine when RNA base pairs with DNA

stage of protein synthesis in which the information in DNA for making a protein is transferred to an RNA molecule

stage processing of information encoded in DNA to produce proteins

enzyme that adds and links complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription

RNA copy of a gene used as a blueprint for the making of a protein during translation

a three-nucleotide sequence in DNA or RNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a stop signal

sequence of nucleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein

RNA molecule that temporarily carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome during translation

 a three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that recognizes a complementary condon on mRNA

 type of RNA molecule that plays a structural role in ribosomes

region of DNA that controls RNA polymerase’s access to a set of genes with related functions

 segment of DNA that controls gene regulation in a set of genes with related functions in prokaryotes

gene system with a promoter, an operator gene, and three structural genes that control lactose metabolism

protein that binds to the operator in an operon to switch off transcription

segment of mRNA transcribed from eukaryotic DNA but removed before translation of mRNA into a protein

sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated

 mutation in which one or just a few nucleotides in a gene are changed