Term
|
Definition
| the branch of psychology that explores physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposes that development involves quantitative changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposes that development involves quantitative change occurring in small steps over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposes that development progresses in discrete stages involving abrupt,qualitative changes in conitive ability and ways of interacting with the world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study that compares the same individuals at periodic intervals over an extended period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study that compares individuals of different ages or developmental levels at the same point in time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| differences between age groups as a function of historical or social influences affecting those groups rather than age per se |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stage of prenetal development that spans the period from fertilization through implantation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| female reproductive organ in which the fertilized ovum becomes implanted and develops to term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stage of prenatal development from implantation through about the eighth week of pregnancy during which the major organ systems begin to form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developing organism at an early stage of prenatal development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area in the embryo from which the nervous system develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stage of prenatal development in which the fetus develops, beginning around the ninth week of pregnancy and lasting until the birth of the child |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organ that provides for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials between mother and fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stage of prenatal development in which the fetus develops, beginning around the ninth week of pregnancy and lasting until the birth of the child |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developing organism in the later stages of prenatal development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neural tube degect in which the child is born with a hole in the tube surrounding the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| environmental influence or agent that may harm the developing embryo or fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common childhood disease that can lead to serious birth defects if contracted by the mother during pregancy |
|
|
Term
| sudden infant death syndrome |
|
Definition
| sudden and unexplained death of infants that usually occurs when they are asleep in their cribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| syndrome caused by maternal use of alcohol during pregnanacy in which the child shows developmental delays and facial deformities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique for dianosing fetal abnormalities involving examination of extracted fetal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique of detecting fetal abnormalities that involves examination of fetal material extracted from the chorion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane that contains the amniotic sac and fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation and certain facial abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique for using high pitched sound waves to form an image of the fetus in the womb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflexive turning of the newborn's head in the direction of a touch on its cheek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflexive blinking of the eyes that protects the newborn from bright light and foreign objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rhythmic sucking in response to stimulation of the tongue or mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inborn reflex, elicited by a sudden noise or loss of support, in which the infant extends its arms, arches its bacj and brings its arms toward each other as though attempting to grab hold of someone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflexive curling of the infant's fingers around an object that touches its palm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflexive fanning out and curling of the infant's toes and inward twisting of its foot upon stroking the sole of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biological unfolding of the organism according to the underlying genetic code |
|
|
Term
| infant control habituation model |
|
Definition
| technique researchers use to determine whether infants can discriminate among visual stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characteristic style of behavior or disposition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enduring emotional bond that infants and older children form with their caregivers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which parents develop storm ties to their newborns, which may form in the first few hours following birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of a strong bond of the newborn animal to the first moving object seen after birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ainsworth's method for assessing infant attachment to the mother, based on a series of brief separations and reunions with the mother in a playroom situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| development in early chilldhood of generalized expectations about how others are likely to respond in close relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to piaget, a mental framework for unferstanding or acting on the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to piaget, the process of adjustment that enables people to function more effectively in meeting the demands they face in the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to piaget, the process of incorporating new objects or situations into existing schemas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to piaget, the process of creating new schemas or modifying existing ones to account for new objects or experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reconition that objects continue to exist even if they have disappeared fro sight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of words to represent name objects and descrive experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to piaget, the tendency to see the world only from inanimate objects have living qualities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to piaget, the inability to reverse the direction of a sequence of events to their starting point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to piaget, the tendency to fcus on only one aspect of a stiuation at a time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| piaget's theory, the ability to recognize that the quantity or amount of an object remains constanat despte superficial changes in its outward appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| level of full cognitive maturity in piaget's theory, characterized by the ability to think in abstract terms |
|
|
Term
| zone of proximal development |
|
Definition
| in vygotsky's theory, the range between children's present level of knowledge and their potential knowledge state if they receive proper guidance and instruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to vygotsky, tailoring the degree and type of instruction to the child's current level of ability or knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period of life beginning at puberty and ending with early adulthood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stage of development at which individuals become phusiological capable of reproducing |
|
|
Term
| secondary sex characteristcs |
|
Definition
| physical characteristics that differentiate males and females but are not directly involved in reproduction |
|
|
Term
| primary sex characteristics |
|
Definition
| physical characterisstics, such as the gonads, that differentiate males and females but are not directly involed in reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| milky fluid that carries and nourishes sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ritualistic practices that accompany puberty in some cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common belief among adolescents tat they are the center of other people's attention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common belief among adolescents that their feelings and experiences cannot possibly be understood by others and that they are personally invulnerable to harm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erickson's theory, the attainment of a pshcological sense of knowing oneself and one's direction in life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erickson's theory, a stressul period of serious sould searching and self examinatoin of issues relating to personal values and ones direction in life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erickson's model, a lack of direction or aimlessness with respect to one's role in life or public identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of intelligence associated with the ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems |
|
|
Term
| crystallized intelligence |
|
Definition
| form of intelligence associated with the ability to se accumulated knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time of life when menstruation ends |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone disease characterized by a loss of bone density in which the bones become porous, brittle and more prone to fracture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state of psychological crisis, often occurring during middle adulthood, in which people grapple with the loss of their youth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cluster of negative emotions, involving a loss of purpose and firection, that can occur when one's children have grown and left home |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency for people to marry others who are smiliar to themselves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prejudice and discrimmination directed at older people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition involving a major deterioration or loss of mental abilities inbvoled in memoru, reasoning, judgment, and ability to carry out purposeful behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological atate of deprivation involving feelings of frieg and loss resulting from the death of a loved one or close friend |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expression of sorrow or grif in accordance with a set of customs, shuch as wearing black clothing |
|
|
