Term
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Definition
| GI Tract; makes up most of the digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth; the lips, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and the periodontium |
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Term
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Definition
| Labia; surround the opening to the oral cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
forms the roof of the mouth, consists of three major parts:
- Hard Palate
- Soft Palate
- Uvula |
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Term
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Definition
| the anterior portion of the palate. covered with a specialized mucous membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| the flexible posterior portion of the palate. During swallowing, it has the important role of closing off the nasal passage to prevent food and liquid from moving upward into the nasal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| the third part; hangs from the free edge of the soft palate. During swallowing, it moves upward with the soft palate. |
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Term
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Definition
| very strong, flexible, and muscular. Located in the mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| the small bumps covering the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| describes the structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| Gums; the specialized mucous membrane that covers the bone of the dental arches and surrounds the neck f the teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| the bony structures of the oral cavity; hold the teeth firmly in place to faciltate chewing and speaking |
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Term
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Definition
| TMJ; fored at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws |
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Term
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Definition
| when used in dentistry, describes any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lwer teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| a colorless liquid that maintains the moisture in the mouth; helps maintain the teeth and starts the digestive process by lubricating the food during chewing and swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| three pairs; secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
| Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
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Definition
| Cardiac Sphincter; a muscular ring between the esophagus and stomach. During swallowing, it relaxes to allow food to enter the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sac-like organ composed of the fundus (Upper, Rounded part), body (Main Part)and antrum (Lower Part) |
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Term
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Definition
| the folds in the mucosa lining of the stomach. Allows the stomach to increase and decrease in size. |
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Term
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Definition
| aid in the beginning of food digestion. Mucus produced by glands in the stomach create a protective coating on the lining of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| the ring-like muscle at the base of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
extends from the pyloric sphincter to the first part of the large intestine. Consists of:
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| the first portion of the small intestine. The duodenum extends from the pylorus of the stomach to the jejunum |
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Term
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Definition
| the middle portion of the small intestine, extends from the duodenum to the ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| the last and longest part of the small intestine, extends from the jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus. Twice as wide as the small intestine but only one-fourth as long. the waste products of digestion are processed in preparation for excretion through the anus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen. it extends from the end of the ileum to the beginning of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix; hangs from the lower portion of the cecum |
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Term
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Definition
the longest portion of the large intestine, is subdivided into 4 parts:
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon |
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Term
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Definition
| travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of teh liver |
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Term
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Definition
| passes horizontally across the abdominal cavity from right to left toward the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
| an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins the rectum below |
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Term
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Definition
| the widest division of the large intestine. Makes up the last four inches of the large intestine and ends at the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| the lower opening of the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the anus and rectum as a singular unit |
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Term
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Definition
| the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest organ in the body; removes toxin from the blood and turns food into the fuel and nutrients the body needs |
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Term
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Definition
| a yellow to green fluid, commonly known as bile, that is manufactured by the liver and is essential in the digestion of fat |
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Term
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Definition
| aids in the digestion of fats, is a digestive juice secreted by the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| a pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver. It stores and concentrates bile for later use |
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Term
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Definition
| a soft, 6-inch long oblong gland that is located behind the stomach. produces and secrete pancreatic juices that aid in digestion and contain digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach acids |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use |
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Term
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Definition
| includes all of the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| the breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which completely digested njutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Chewing; breaks food down into smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva, and prepares it to be swallowed |
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Term
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Definition
| a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to swallow |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
| the semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach, through the pyloric sphincter, and into the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| expelled through the rectum and anus |
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Term
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Definition
| the evacuation or emptying of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas within the intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| the passage of gas out of the body through the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the teeth and tissues of the oral cavity |
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Term
| Oral or Maxillofacial Surgeon |
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Definition
| specializes in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries |
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Term
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Definition
| a dental specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures |
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Term
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Definition
| a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| cold sores; blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek. these lesions develop due to chronic irritation |
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Term
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Definition
| the inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| any disease of the mouth due to a fungus |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of stomatmycosis that develops when the fungus Candida Albicans grows out of control; causes creamy white lesions to form on the tongue or inner cheeks |
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Term
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Definition
| describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| Harelip; a birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal developement |
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Term
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Definition
| the failure of the palate to close during the early developement of the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress |
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Term
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Definition
| Cavity; a infectious disease caused by bacteria that destroy the enamel and dentin of teh tooth |
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Term
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Definition
| a major cause of cavities and periodontal disease, forms as soft deposits in sheltered areas near the gums and between the teeth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth that can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| an inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| dental plaque that has calcified on teh teeth |
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Term
| Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) |
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Definition
| caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth |
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Term
| Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) |
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Definition
| caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth |
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Term
| Gastroesopageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarged swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system; caused by the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori or by medications that irritate the mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease |
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Term
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Definition
| an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint, or clay that lasts for one month |
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Term
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Definition
| an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of weighing two times or more than the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| a number that shows the body weight adjusted for height |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the return of swallowed food into the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| an inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten |
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Term
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Definition
| Colon Cancer; first manifests itself in polyps in the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| a small pouch, or sac, found in the lining or wall of a tubular organ such as the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when part of the large intestine is partially or completely deprived of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine |
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Term
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| a common condition of unknown cause with symptoms that can include intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea |
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Term
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) |
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Definition
| the general name for diseases that cause inflammation and swelling in the intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine caused by a physical obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| the telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the openings of an immediately adjacent part |
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Term
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Definition
| the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the abdominal wall or groin; can be caused by obesity, pregnancy, heavy lifting, or straining to pass a stool |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia, causing ischemia in this tissue by cutting off its blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| C. diff.;a bacterial infection common to older adults in hospitals or long-term care facilities, typically following the use of antibiotics that wipe out competing bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| a bacterial infection, occurs most frequently in hot countries where it is spread through food or water contaminated by human feces |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli, transmitted through contaminated foods that have not been cooked properly |
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Term
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Definition
| transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meats |
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Term
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Definition
| a small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during a bowel movement |
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Term
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Definition
| is the inability to control the excretion of feces |
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Term
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Definition
| defined as having a bowel movement fewer than three times a week; stools are usually hard, dry, small in size, and hard to eliminate |
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Term
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Definition
| occur when a cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening. |
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Term
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Definition
| the flow of bright red blood in the stool |
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Term
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Definition
| the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of an excess of fat in the stool |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity; usually the result of severe liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
| a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes; caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring |
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Term
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD) |
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Definition
| describes the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol |
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Term
| Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
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Definition
| a more serious form of this condition since it consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| a hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to the concentration of bile components |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
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Term
| Abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) |
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Definition
| a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| a noninvasive test used to visualize organs by using very high-frequency sound waves |
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Term
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Definition
| the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity |
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Term
| Upper and Lower GI Series |
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Definition
| radiographic studies to examine the digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
| specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows. for approximately 8 hours, as it passes through the small intestine, this camera transmits images of the walls of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutralize the acids in the stomach; taken to relieve the discomfort of conditions such as pyrosis or to help peptic ulcers heal |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| adminstered to prevent or reilive nausea or vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| medications or foods given to stimulate bowel movements |
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Term
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Definition
| administered to combat the effects of dehydration |
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Term
| Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORI) |
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Definition
| treatment in which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract the dehydration that can accompany severe diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| the professional cleaning of teeth to remove plaque and calculus |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of a cleft palate |
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Term
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Definition
| the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach |
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Term
| Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) |
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Definition
| administered to patients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating |
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Term
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Definition
| is performed to treat morbid obesity by restricting the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures |
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Term
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Definition
| option for a patient whose liver has failed for no reason other than liver cancer |
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