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Chapter 8 Vocabulary
Food and Agriculture
21
Geography
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2013

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Term
Agrarian
Definition
referring to the culture of agricultural communities and the type of tenure system that determines access to land and the kind of cultivation practices employed there
Term
Agribusiness
Definition
a set of economic and political relationships that organizes agro-food production from the development of seeds to the retailing and consumption of the agricultural product
Term
Agricultural Industrialization
Definition
process whereby the farm has moved from being the centerpiece of agricultural production to becoming one part of an integrated string of vertically organized industrial processes including production, storage, processing, distribution, marketing, and retailing
Term
Agriculture
Definition
a science, art, and business directed at the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance and profit
Term
Biotechnology
Definition
technique that uses living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products, to improve plants and animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses
Term
Commercial Agriculture
Definition
farming primarily for sale, not directly consumption
Term
Crop Rotation
Definition
method of maintaining soil fertility in which the fields under cultivation remain the same but the crop being planted is changed
Term
Famine
Definition
acute starvation associated with a sharp increase in mortality
Term
Fast Food
Definition
edibles that can be prepared and served very quickly, sold in a restaurant, and served to customers in packaged form
Term
Food Security
Definition
assured access by a person, household, or even a country to enough food at all times to ensure active and healthy lives
Term
Food Sovereignty
Definition
rights of peoples, communities, and countries to define their own agricultural, labor, fishing, food, and land policies that are ecologically, socially, economically, and culturally appropriate to their unique circumstances
Term
Hunting and Gathering
Definition
activities whereby people feed themselves through killing wild animals and fish and gathering fruits, roots, nuts, and other edible plants to sustain themselves
Term
Local Food
Definition
food that is organically grown and produced within a fairly limited distance from where it is consumed
Term
Malnutrition
Definition
the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function
Term
Organic Farming
Definition
farming or animal husbandry done without commercial fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, or growth hormones
Term
Pastoralism
Definition
subsistence activity that involves the breeding and herding of animals to satisfy the human needs of food, shelter, and clothing
Term
Shifting Cultivation
Definition
system in which farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields within which cultivation occurs
Term
Slash-and-burn (Swidden)
Definition
system of cultivation in which plants are cropped close to the ground, left to dry for a period, and then ignited
Term
Slow Food
Definition
attempt to resist fast food by preserving the cultural cuisine and the associated food and farming of an ecoregion
Term
Subsistence Agriculture
Definition
farming for direct consumption by the producers; not for sale
Term
Urban Agriculture (Peri-urban Agriculture)
Definition
establishment or performance of agricultural practices in or near an urban or citylike setting
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