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Chapter 8: Thermal Energy
Chapter 8: vocabulary
16
Science
8th Grade
01/04/2013

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Term
temperature
Definition
measure of the average value of the kinetic energy of the molecules in random motion.
Term
thermal energy
Definition
the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the  molecules in an object.
Term
Celsius Scale
Definition
Freezing point of water is 0 degrees; the boiling point of water is 100 degrees
Term
Fahrenheit Scale
Definition
The freezing point of water is 32 degrees; the boiling point is 212 degrees.
Term
Kelvin Scale
Definition
0 K is the lowest temperature an object can have:  absolute zero.
Term
heat
Definition
the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another when the objects are at different temperatures
Term
conduction
Definition
particles in a material collide with neighboring particles; the objects are touching
Term
radiation
Definition
energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves through empty space and matter.
Term
convection
Definition
transfer of thermal energy by movement of atoms or molecules from one part of a material to another.
Term
conductor
Definition
any material that easily transfers thermal energy; metals, gold, copper
Term
insulator
Definition
materials that reduce the flow of thermal energy; air, down feathers in a coat
Term
specific heat
Definition
the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the material by 1 degree Celsius.
Term
thermal pollution
Definition
increase in the temperature of a body of water caused y adding warmer water to it.
Term
heat engine
Definition
device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy; a car engine
Term
internal combustion engine
Definition
fuel burns in a combustion chamber inside the engine; cars, airplanes, boats, lawn mowers.
Term
heat mover
Definition
a device that absorbs thermal energy and moves it ouside the object; refrigerator, air conditioner, heat pump
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