Term
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Definition
| A synapse is a junction that allows a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise). |
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Term
| What are the two types of postsynaptic membrane potentials? |
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Definition
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP) |
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Term
| Describe in detail the difference between EPSP and an IPSP. |
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Definition
| EPSP are graded potentials that can initiate an AP in the axon, whereas IPSPs produce a graded potential that lessens the chance of an AP in an axon. EPSP-small depolarization is created; IPSP-small hyperpolarization is created. EPSP-helps bring postsynaptic membrane closer to threshold. EPSP- membrane becomes more excitabl; IPSP membrane becomes less excited. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grand postsynaptic potential-total potential in the postsynaptic neuron; all EPSP/IPSP taking place. |
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Term
| the differences between temporal summation and spatial summation. |
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Definition
| Temporal summation is the transmission of rapid impulses and the summing of all EPSPs together, whereas spatial summation is a postsynaptic neuron being stimulated by many different axon terminals at the same time. In spatial summation, IPSPs can also summate with EPSPs canceling each other out. |
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Term
| What are the two functional classifications of neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
| Excitatory- (e.g.glutamate) causes depolarization. 2. Inhibitory (e.g. GABA and glycine) causes hyperpolarization. |
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Term
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Definition
| used neurotransmitter in the nervous system, used in both CNS and PNS, released by neurons on skeletal muscle, binds to cholinergic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| There are two major dopamine systems in the brain. 1. Nigrostriatal dopamine system-involved in motor control; degeneration of this system causes Parkinsons’s disease. 2. Mesolimbic dopamine system: involved in behavior and emotional reward; most addicitions activate in this system; over activity contributes to schizophrenia., |
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Term
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Definition
| Used in peripheral NS and centeral NS, in PNS is a sympathetic neurotransmitter, in CNS affects general level of arousal, amphetamines stimulate norepinephrine pathways, bind to adrenergic receptors, |
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