Term
| Where does diffusion take too long at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cannot make proteins fast enough in a large cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does DNA in the nucleus contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What becomes much larger than the surface area of the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are structures that contain DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell-->nucleus-->chromosome-->DNA-->gene--> |
|
|
Term
| What are the chromosomes that determine the gender of an organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the other chromosomes in an organism besides sex chromosomes are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do humans have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are cells that have two sets of chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the diploid formula for human's cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are haploid cells (1n)? |
|
Definition
| have only one set of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| What is the haploid formula for human's cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are sperm and egg cells haploid or diploid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of organisms? |
|
Definition
| prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don't? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a prokaryote look like? |
|
Definition
| one chromosome that is a circular DNA molecule |
|
|
Term
| How do prokaryotes reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two identical cells are produced from one cell |
|
|
Term
| What do eukaryotes look like? |
|
Definition
| chromosomes that are rod shaped and found in the nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What is a multicellular organism? |
|
Definition
| Organism composed of many cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the body and sex cells called that occur in multicellular organisms? |
|
Definition
body cells- somatic
sex cells- gametes |
|
|
Term
| How do multicellular organisms reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the repeating events in the life of a cell |
|
|
Term
| What does the cell cycle consist of? |
|
Definition
| cell division and interphase |
|
|
Term
| What phase do cells spend most of their life in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does cell division in eukaryotes include? |
|
Definition
| nuclear division (mitosis) and the division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does mitosis occur? |
|
Definition
| In somatic cells (body cells) of multicellular organisms |
|
|
Term
| What kind of reproduction does mitosis use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does interphase consist of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in prophase? |
|
Definition
| nuclear envelope disappears |
|
|
Term
| What do chromosomes consist of? |
|
Definition
| two sister chromatids attached by a structure called a centromere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromosomes align at the equatorial plate |
|
|
Term
| What is the equatorial plate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during anaphase? |
|
Definition
| sister chromatids separate and centromeres divide |
|
|
Term
| What is the phase where two new nuclear membranes form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase does chromatin condense so that it can be seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase do chromatids line up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what phase do chromatids separate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in telophase? |
|
Definition
| new nuclear membranes form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parent cell-->two diploid daughter cells |
|
|
Term
| What is cytokinesis in plant cells? |
|
Definition
| cell plate forms and divides the cell in half |
|
|
Term
| What is cytokinesis in animal cells? |
|
Definition
| cell membrane pinches in to form a cleavage furrow and gradually separates the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does meiosis occur? |
|
Definition
| only in sex cells (gametes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does meiosis produce? |
|
Definition
| four haploid cells (1/2 the number of chromosomes as the parent cell) |
|
|
Term
| How many divisions does meiosis have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a meiosis diploid cell do? |
|
Definition
| divides and becomes four haploid cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the exchange of DNA that occurs during Prophase 1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "crossing over" (exchange of DNA) lead to? |
|
Definition
| future genetic variations |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do body cells have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do eggs have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do sperm have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does sperm (23) + egg (23) equal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meiosis that produces sperm cells with a haploid number of chromosomes (n) |
|
|
Term
| What does somatic cell (2n) equal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does mitosis occur? |
|
Definition
| in unicellular organisms and somatic cells |
|
|
Term
| What does mitosis produce? |
|
Definition
| two daughter cells with diploid number of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| How many sets of divisions do mitosis have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does meiosis occur? |
|
Definition
| in multicellular (sexual) organisms |
|
|
Term
| How many haploid cells are produced in meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sets of division does meiosis have? |
|
Definition
|
|
