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Definition
| the persistence of learning over time thorugh the storage and retrieval of information. |
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| a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test. |
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| a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test. |
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| a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again. |
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| the processing of information into the memory system- for example, by extracting meaning. |
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| the retention of encoded information over time |
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| the process of getting information out of memory storage |
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| the immediate, very brief, recording of sensory information in the memory system. |
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| activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten |
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Definition
| the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences |
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| newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing or incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of infomation retrieved from long-term memory. |
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| memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." (also known as declarative memory) |
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Definition
| encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
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| unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. |
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Definition
| retention independent of conscious recollection (also called nondeclarative memory) |
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Definition
| a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. |
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| a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. |
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Definition
| organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. |
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| memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organization devices. |
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| the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. |
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| enhanced memory after retreiving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or terst-enhanced learning. |
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Definition
| encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearnce of words |
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| encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words; tends to yield the best retention. |
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Definition
| a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage. |
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Definition
| a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. |
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Term
| long-term potentionation (LTP) |
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Definition
| an increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to ne a neuarl basis for learning and memory. |
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Definition
| the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. |
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| the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. |
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| our tendency to recall best the last (a recency effect) and first items (a primacy effect) in a list. |
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Definition
| an inability to form new memories |
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Definition
| an inability to retrieve information from one's past. |
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Definition
| the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. |
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Definition
| the disruptive effect of enw learning on the recall of old information. |
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Definition
| in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. |
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Definition
| incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. |
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Term
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Definition
| attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, hear about, read about, or imagined. (Also called sourse misattribution) Sourse amnesia, along witht misinformation effect, is at the heart of many flase memories. |
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Term
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Definition
| that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current sittuation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. |
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