Term
| Structural Joints: Fibrous |
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Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue joins bones |
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Term
| Structual Joints: Cartilaginous |
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Definition
| Cartilage directly unites bones |
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Term
| Structual Joints: Synovial |
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Definition
| Bones are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity |
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Term
| Functional Joints: Synarthroses |
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Definition
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Term
| Functional Joints: Amphiarthroses |
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Definition
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Term
| Functional Joints: Diarthroses |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Joints between skull bones |
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Term
| Fibrous Joints: Syndesmoses |
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Definition
| A ligament of fibrous connective issue that connects bone |
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Term
| Fibrous Joints: Gomphoses |
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Definition
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Term
| Cartilaginous Joints: Synchondroses |
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Definition
| Hyaline cartilage directly connects bone |
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Term
| Cartilaginous Joints: Symphyses |
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Definition
| Fibrocartilage joint that connects bone |
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Term
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Definition
- Joints in which the bones are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity
- All are diarthroses (freely movable)
- Examples: all limb joints and most joints of the body
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Term
| Articular Cartilage (hyaline cartilage) |
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Definition
| Provides a smooth, slippery, cushioning suface on ends of bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Filled with a lubricating synovial fluid |
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Term
| Articular Capsule: Fibrous Capsule |
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Definition
Outer dense irregular connective tissue supports the joint
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Term
| Articular Capsule: Synovial Membrane |
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Definition
| Inner membrane produces synovial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
- Occupies the joint cavity
- Lubricates and nourishes cartilages of the joint surfaces
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Term
| Reinforcing Ligaments or Structures: Ligaments |
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Definition
| Connective tissue bands connecting bones |
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Term
| Reinforcing Ligaments or Structures: Fatty Pads and Articular Discs |
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Definition
| Fat or fibrocartilage (menisci) adds extra cushioning |
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Term
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Definition
| Flattened, fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid; common where structures like ligaments, tendons, or bones rub together |
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Term
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Definition
| Elongated bursae that wrap completely around a tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| Shape determines what movements are possible |
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Term
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Definition
| Unite bones and prevent excessive or undesirable motion |
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Term
| Muscle Tone (slight constant muscle tension) |
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Definition
| Tenons that are kept tight at all times by a muscle tone; muscle tendons across joints act as stabilizing factors |
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Term
| Tendon of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle |
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Definition
| Tendon that connects to the knee cap |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligament that connects the patella to the tibula tuberosity |
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Term
| Lateral and Medial Patellar Retinacula |
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Definition
| Either side of the knee cap |
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Term
| Fibular (lateral) Collateral Ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| Tibial (medial) Collateral Ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| Posteior Cruciate Ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| Medial and Lateral Meniscus |
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Definition
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Term
| Synovial Joints: Shoulder (Glenohumeral) |
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Definition
- Ball-and-socket joint in which stability is sacrificed to obtain greater freedom of movement
- Head of humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
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Term
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Definition
Weak stability is maintained by:
- Thin, loose joint capsule
- Four ligaments - coracohumeral and three glenohumeral
- Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachi muscle
- Rotator cuff: tendons of four muscles that encircle that shoulder joint and blend with the articular capsule
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Term
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Definition
| The ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn; partially torn ligaments slowly repair themselves; completely torn ligaments require surgical repair |
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Term
| Joint Injuries: Cartilage Injuries |
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Definition
| Overstressed cartilage tears, common in the knee menisci; may result in cartilage fragments in the joint; may be repaired with surgery; removal of damaged cartilage and fragments |
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Term
| Joint Injuries: Dislocation (luxation) |
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Definition
| Occurs when bones are forced out of alignment; usually accompanied by sprains, inflammation, and joint immobilization; caused by serious falls and are common sports injuries; subluxation partial dislocation of a joint |
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Term
| Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions: Bursitis |
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Definition
| An inflammation of a bursa, usually caused by a blow or friction; symptoms are pain and swelling; treated with an anti-inflammatory drug; excessive fluid may be aspirated |
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Term
| Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions: Tendonitis |
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Definition
| Inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse; symptoms and treatment are similar to bursitis |
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Term
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Definition
| More than 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints; symptoms include pain, stiffness, and swelling of a joint; chronic forms include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common; often called "wear-and-tear" arthritis; 85% of all Americans develop this; more prevalent in the aged, and is probably related to the normal aging process |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of an unknown cause; usually arises between ages of 40-50, but may occur at any age; signs and symptoms include joint tenderness, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular problems; the cause of this is marked with flare-ups and remissions |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint and soft tissues, followed by an inflammatory response; typically affects the joing at the base of the big toe; if untreated, the bone ends fuse and immobilize the joint |
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