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| surgically create an opening |
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| inflammation of the appendix |
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| pertaining to cheeks and lips |
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| excision of the gallbladder |
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| record of the gallbladder |
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| inflammation of the gallbladder |
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| pertaining to the colon and the rectum |
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| instrument to view the colon |
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| procedure to view the colon |
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| excision of the small intestines |
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| small intestine inflammation |
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| inflammation of the stomach and small intestine |
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| specialist in the stomach and small intestine |
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| study of the stomach and small intestine |
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| pertaining to the nose and stomach |
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| instrument to view inside the stomach |
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| pertaining to under the tongue |
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| inflammation of the liver |
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| incision into the abdomen |
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| instrument to view inside the abdomen |
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| pertaining to under the tongue |
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| pertaining to straight teeth |
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| inflammation of the pancreas |
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| procedure to view the rectum |
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| surgical repair of the rectum |
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| inflammation of the salivary gland |
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| instrument to view the inside of the sigmoid colon |
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| create an opening in the stomach |
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| create an opening in the duodenum |
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| create an opening in the jejunum |
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| create an opening in the ileum |
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| create an opening in the colon |
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| difficulty swallowing/eating |
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| a general term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions |
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| collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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| rumbling and gurgling bowel sounds |
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| dental appliance that is attached to adjacent teeth for support to replace missing teeth |
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| clenching and grinding of teeth, often during sleep |
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| gradual decay and disintegration of teeth that can result in inflamed tissue and abscessed teeth; commonly called a tooth cavity |
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| experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation |
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| an artificial covering for the tooth created to replace the original enamel |
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| partial or complete set of artificial teeth that are set in plastic materials; acts as a substitute for the natural teeth and related structures |
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| passing of frequent, watery bowel movements; usually accompanies gastrointestinal (GI) disorders |
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| an outpouching off the gut; may become inflamed if food becomes trapped within the pouch |
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| Escherichia coli (E. coli) |
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| a bacteria normally found in the intestines, but may cause damage and disease if it is carried to other areas of the body such as the urinary tract |
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| bad or offensive breath, which can often be a sign of disease |
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| Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) |
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Definition
| a bacteria that may cause inflammation of the stomach lining and peptic ulcers in some people |
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| to vomit blood from the gastrointestinal tract, often looks like coffee grounds |
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| passing bright red blood in the stools |
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| severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stools, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a result of an intestinal blockage; may require surgery to reverse this blockage |
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| prosthetic device placed in the jaw to which a tooth or denture may be anchored |
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| yellow cast to the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes caused by the deposit of bile pigment from too much bilirubin in the blood; bilirubin is a waste product produced when worn-out red blood cells are broken down; may be a symptom of a disorder such as gallstones blocking the common bile duct or carcinoma of the liver |
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| passage of dark tarry stools; color is the result of digestive enzymes working on blood in the gut |
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| a feeling of needing to vomit |
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| gummy mass of microorganisms that grows on the crowns of teeth and spreads along the roots; it is colorless and transparent |
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| pertaining to after a meal |
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| return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth |
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| passage of a large amount of fat in the stool; caused by an inability to digest fats, usually due to a problem with the pancreatic enzymes |
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| crack-like split in the rectum or anal canal |
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| abnormal tube-like passaged from the surface around the anal opening directly into the rectum |
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| chronic disease of the liver associated with failure of the liver to function properly |
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| congenital anomaly in which the upper lip fails to come together; often seen along with a cleft palate; corrected with surgery |
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| congenital anomaly in which the roof of the mouth has a split or fissure; corrected with surgery |
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| cancerous tumor along the length of the colon and rectum |
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| form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the ileum and/or colon; also called regional ileitis |
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| inflammation of a diverticulum or sac in the intestinal tract, especially in the colon |
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| disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration |
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| narrowing of the esophagus that makes the flow of fluids and food into the stomach difficult |
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| enlarged and swollen varicose veins in the lower end of the esophagus; they can rupture and result in serious hemorrhage |
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| cancerous tumor in the stomach |
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus causing inflammation and pain |
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| varicose veins in the rectum |
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| inflammation of the liver, usually due to a viral infection; different viruses are transmitted by different routes, such as sexual contach or from exposure to blood or fecally contaminated water or food |
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Definition
| protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and extending into the thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom |
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| wisdom tooth that is tightly wedged into the jaw bone so that it is unable to erupt |
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| inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
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Definition
| ulceration of the mucous membranes of the colon of unknown origin; also known as ulcerative colitis |
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Definition
| hernia or outpouching of intestines into the inguinal (groin) region of the body |
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| result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it; more common in children |
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| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| disturbance in the functions of the intestine from unknown causes; symptoms generally include abdominal discomfort and an alteration in bowel activity; also called spastic colon or functional bowel syndrome |
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Definition
| inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract; may be caused by a variety of diseases and disorders, such as infections and pancreatic deficiency |
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| development of white patches on the mucous membrane inside the mouth; may develop into cancer |
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| peptic ulcer disease (PUD) |
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Definition
| ulcer occurring in the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; thought to be caused by the acid of gastric juices |
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Definition
| disease of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums and bones |
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Definition
| small tumors that contains a pedicle or stem-like attachment in the mucous membranes of the large intestine (colon) |
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Definition
| narrowing of the pyloric sphincter area of the stomach, may be congenital; results in projectile (forceful) vomiting |
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Definition
| discharge of purulent material from dental tissue |
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| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease |
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Definition
| inflammation of the jaw joint resulting in pain and poor bite |
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Definition
| ulceration of the mucous membranes of the colon of unknown origin; also known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
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Definition
| condition in which the bowel twists upon itself and causes an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery |
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| abdominal ultrasonography |
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Definition
| using ultrasound equipment for producing sound waves to create an image of the abdominal organs |
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Term
| alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) |
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Definition
| enzymes normally present in the blood; blood levels are increased in persons with liver disease |
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Definition
| radiographic examination of the small intestine, large intestine, or colon in which an enema containing barium (Ba) is administered to the patient while X-ray pictures are taken; also called a lower GI series |
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Term
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Definition
| a barium (Ba) mixture swallowed while X-ray pictures are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract (upper GI); also called an upper GI series |
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Definition
| X-ray taken with a part of the film holder held between the teeth and parallel to the teeth |
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Definition
| the patient swallows a radiopaque dye so X-ray pictures can be taken that allow visualization of the gallbladder and its components |
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Definition
| a flexible fiberscope passed through the anus, rectum, and colon is used to examine the upper portion of the colon; polyps and small growths can be removed during this procedure |
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Term
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
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Definition
| using an endoscope to visually examine the hepatic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct |
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Term
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Definition
| a general term for a procedure to visually examine the inside of a body cavity or a hollow organ using an instrument called an endoscope; specific examples relating to the digestive system include colonoscopy, esophagoscopy, gastrointestinal --, and gastroscopy |
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Term
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) |
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Definition
| use of a flexible fiber-optic to visually examine the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| the esophagus is visualized by passing an instrument down the esophagus; a tissue sample for biopsy may be taken |
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Term
| fecal occult blood test (FOBT) |
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Definition
| laboratory test on the feces to determine if microscopic amounts of blood are present; also called hemoccult or stool guaiac |
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Term
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Definition
| a flexible gastroscope is passed through the mouth and down the esophagus in order to visualize inside the stomach; used to diagnose peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma |
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Term
| intravenous cholangiography (IVC) |
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Definition
| a dye is administered intravenouly to the patient that allows for X-ray visualization of the bile ducts |
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Term
| intravenous cholecystography |
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Definition
| a dye is administered intravenously to the patient that allows for X-ray visualization of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| a laparoscope is passed into the abdominal wall through a small incision; the abdominal cavity is then visually examined for tumors and other conditions with this lighted instrument; also called peritoneoscopy |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of a small piece of liver tissue for microscopic examination; generally used to determine if cancer is present |
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Term
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Definition
| a radioactive substance is administered to the patient by an intravenous (IV) route; this substance enters the liver cells, and this organ can then be visualized; this used to detect tumors, abscesses, and other pathologies that result in hepatomegaly (an enlarged liver) |
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Term
| lower gastrointestinal series (lower GI series) |
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Definition
| X-ray image of the colon and rectum is taken after the administration of barium (a radiopaque dye) by enema; also called a barium enema |
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Term
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Definition
| laboratory examination of feces with a microscope for the presence of parasites or their eggs |
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Definition
| insertion of a needle into the abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid; test to diagnose disease may be conducted on the fluid |
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Term
| percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) |
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Definition
| a contrast medium is injected directly into the liver to visualize the bile ducts; used to detect obstructions |
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Term
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Definition
| blood test to determine the amount of the waste product bilirubin in the blood stream; elevated levels indicate liver disease |
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Definition
| using a flexible sigmoidoscope to visually examine the sigmoid colon; commonly done to diagnose cancer and polyps |
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Term
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Definition
| a laboratory test of feces to determine if any pathogenic bacteria are present |
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Term
| upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series |
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Definition
| administering a barium contrast material orally and then taking an X-ray to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; also called a barium swallow |
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Term
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Definition
| creating a passageway or opening between two organs or vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical excision of the gallbladder; removal of the gallbladder through the laparoscope is a newer procedure with fewer complications than the more invasive abdominal surgery; the laparoscope requires a small incision into the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a gallstone through an incision into the common bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
| crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical creation of an opening of some portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside surface; the fecal material (stool) drains into a bag worn on the abdomen |
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Definition
| surgical removal of a diverticulum |
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Term
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Definition
| abdominal operation for the purpose of examingin the abdominal organs and tissues for signs of disease or other abnormalities |
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Definition
| removing or "pulling" teeth |
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Definition
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Definition
| using a nasogastric (NG) tube to place liquid nourishment directly into the stomach |
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Definition
| surgical excision of hemorrhoids from the anorectal area |
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Definition
| surgical removal of a lobe of the liver |
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Definition
| surgical repair of a hernia; also called herniorrhaphy |
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Definition
| using a nasogastric (NG) tube to wash out the stomach |
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Definition
| transplant of a liver from a donor |
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Term
| nasogastric intubation (NG tube) |
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Definition
| a flexible catheter is inserted into the nose and own the esophagus to the stomach; may be used for feeding or to suction out stomach fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| dental treatment involving the pulp cavity of the root of a tooth; procedure is used to save a tooth that is badly infected or abscessed |
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Definition
| surgical resection of the vagus nerve in an attempt to decrease the amount of acid secretion into the stomach; used as a method of treatment for ulcer patients |
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Definition
| treats obesity by suppressing appetite |
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Definition
| used to neutralize stomach acids |
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Definition
| used to treat peptic ulcers caused by the H. pylori bacteria |
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Definition
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Definition
| treats nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness |
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Definition
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Definition
| when stimulated, H2-receptors increase the production of stomach acid; using this to block these receptors results in a low acid level in the stomach; used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Definition
| treats constipation by stimulating a bowel movement |
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Definition
| blocks the stomach's ability to secrete acid; used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| chronic ulcerative colitis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
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Term
|
Definition
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Definition
| inflammatory bowel disease |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| intravenous cholangiography |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| recommended daily allowance |
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Term
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Definition
| small bowel follow-through |
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Term
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Definition
| upper gastrointestinal series |
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|
