Term
| 1st law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Conservation of energy: energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. |
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| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| The principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. |
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| The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start |
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| The specific portion of an enzyme that binds the substrate by means of multiple weak interactions and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs. |
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| The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site. |
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Definition
| A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simple molecules. |
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| A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down a complex molecules into simpler compounds |
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| A chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |
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| A form of potential energy that is stored in molecules, ready for release in a chemical reaction. |
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| An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Example: Vitamins. |
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Definition
| Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. They may be permanently bound to the active site of may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis. |
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Definition
| A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics. |
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Definition
| A type of allosteric regulation whereby a shape change in one subunit of a protein caused by substrate binding is transmitted to all the others, facilitating binding of subsequent substrate molecules. |
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Definition
| A non-spontaneous chemical reaction, in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings. |
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Definition
| The capacity to cause change, especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force). |
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Definition
| In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction. |
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Definition
| A macromolecule serving as a catalyst. |
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Definition
| A spontaneous chemical reaction, in which there is a net release of free energy. |
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| A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway. |
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| The portion of a biological system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system. |
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| The total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of molecules in a body of matter. |
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| The change in shape of the enzyme resulting in a more snug fit of the substrates. The change in shape is caused by the entry of the substrate into the active site. |
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Definition
| The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. |
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Definition
| A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds. |
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Definition
| All of the chemical reactions of an organism, including catabolic and anaboli pathways. |
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Term
| non-competitive inhibitor |
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Definition
| A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location different than the active site, resulting in a change to the enzyme's shape. |
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Definition
| A molecule that is chemically bonded to a phosphate group. |
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| The energy that matter possesses as a result of it location or spatial arrangement. |
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| The reactant on which an enzyme works. |
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