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| upper gastrointestinal series |
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| abnormal tube-like passage from surface around anal opening directly into rectum colorectal carcinoma cancerous tumor along length of colon and rectum |
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| general term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions; sometimes used to refer to anorexia nervosa, which is personality disorder involving refusal to eat |
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| collection or accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity |
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| inability to control defecation |
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| loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during chronic disease |
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| experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation |
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| form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily ileum and/or colon; |
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| passing of frequent, watery bowel movements; usually accompanies gastrointestinal (GI) disorders |
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| inflammation of diverticulum (an out pouching off the gut), especially in the colon; inflammation often results when food becomes trapped within pouch diverticulosis condition of having diverticula (out pouches off the gut); may lead to diverticulitis if one becomes inflamed |
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| disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration; caused by ingesting food or water contaminated by chemicals, bacteria, protozoans, or parasites |
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| fecal occult blood test (FOBT) |
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| laboratory test on feces to determine if microscopic amounts of blood are present; also called hemoccult or stool guaiac |
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| branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of digestive system; physician is gastroenterologist |
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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| acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus causing inflammation and pain |
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| varicose veins in rectum severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stools, vomiting, and ileus |
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| protrusion of stomach through diaphragm and extending into thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom; also called a diaphragmatocele |
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| hernia or protrusion of loop of small intestine into inguinal (groin) region through weak spot in abdominal muscle wall that develops into hole; may become incarcerated or strangulated if muscle tightens down around loop of intestines and cuts off blood flow |
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| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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| disturbance in functions of intestine from unknown causes; symptoms include abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity; |
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| yellow cast to skin, mucous membranes, and whites of eyes caused by deposit of bile pigment from too much bilirubin in blood; bilirubin is waste product |
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| body weight above healthy level; person 100 pounds overweight has morbid obesity |
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| peptic ulcer disease (PUD) |
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| ulcer occurring in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; caused by acid of gastric juices; initial damage to protective lining of stomach |
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| small tumor with pedicle or stem attachment; commonly found on mucous membranes such as lining of colon or nasal cavity; colon polyps may be pre-cancerous |
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| small tumors that contain pedicle or stemlike attachment in mucous membranes of colon; may be pre-cancerous |
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| pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into esophagus; commonly called heartburn |
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| return of fluids and solids from stomach into mouth |
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| laboratory test of feces to determine if any pathogenic bacteria are present |
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| chronic inflammatory condition that produces numerous ulcers that form on mucous membrane lining of colon; cause is unknown; also known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
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| condition in which bowel twists upon itself and causes an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery |
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| to surgically create connection between two organs or vessels; for example, joining together two cut ends of intestines after section is removed |
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| surgery group of surgical procedures such as stomach stapling and restrictive banding to reduce size of stomach; treatment for morbid (extreme) obesity |
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| flexible fiberscope called colonoscope is passed through anus, rectum, and colon; used to examine upper portion of colon; polyps and small growths can be removed during this procedure |
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| surgical creation of opening of some portion of colon through abdominal wall to outside surface; fecal material (stool) drains into bag worn on abdomen |
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| procedure that closes off large section of stomach with rows of staples; results in smaller stomach to assist very obese patients to lose weight |
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| using nasogastric (NG) tube to place liquid nourishment directly into stomach |
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| surgical repair of hernia; also called herniorrhaphy |
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| laparoscope is passed into abdominal wall through small incision; abdominal cavity is visually examined for tumors and other conditions; also called peritoneoscopy |
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| using nasogastric (NG) tube to wash out stomach; for example, after ingestion of dangerous substances |
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| Destroying or crushing stones in the bladder or urethra |
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| lower gastrointestinal series(LGI) |
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| X-ray image of colon and rectum is taken after administration of barium dye by enema; also called barium enema (BE) |
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| nasogastric intubation (NG tube) |
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| flexible catheter is inserted into nose and down esophagus to stomach; may be for feeding or to suction out stomach fluids |
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| insertion of needle into abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid; tests to diagnose diseases may be conducted on fluid |
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| procedure using flexible sigmoidoscope to visually examine sigmoid colon; used to diagnose cancer and polyps |
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| upper gastrointestinal (UGI) |
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| administering of barium contrast material orally and then taking X-ray to visualize esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; also called barium swallow |
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| treats obesity by suppressing appetite |
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| neutralizes stomach acids |
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| treats nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness |
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| treats constipation by stimulating bowel movement |
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