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| tends to rely on explicit written and verbal messages |
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| disagreement that focuses on individuals or personal issues. |
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| members focus on solving problems and accomplishing tasks. They interact frequently and handle conflicts in constructive ways. The team leader encourages contributions from all members. He or she should attempt to get any nonparticipating team members involved. |
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| a team made up of members from different functions, such as production, marketing, and finance. |
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| some type of interference that influences the transmission of messages and feedback. |
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| standard of conduct shared by team members that guides their behavior. |
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| using software that encodes and scrambles messages. |
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| work team that has the authority to decide how its members complete their daily tasks. |
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| internal information channel that transmits information from unofficial sources. |
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| members resolve differences, accept each other, and reach broad agreement about the roles of the team leader and other participants. This stage is usually brief, and the team leader should use it to emphasize the team’s unity and the importance of its objectives. |
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| variances or differences in ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team. |
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| group of geographically or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use a combination of telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task. |
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| disagreement that focuses on problem- and issue related differences of opinion. |
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| meaningful exchange of information through messages transmitted between an organization and its major audiences. |
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| meaningful exchange of information through messages. |
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| groups machinery and equipment according to their functions |
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| Track projected and actual work progress over time, are used for scheduling relatively simple projects. |
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| Seek to minimize delays by coordinating all aspects of the production process, are used for more complex projects. |
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| function requiring production and operations managers to balance the need to keep stock on hand to meet demand against the costs of carrying inventory. |
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| International Organization for Standardization (ISO) |
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Definition
| Organization whose mission is to develop and promote International Standards for business, government and society to facilitate global trade and cooperation. |
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Definition
| sequence of operations that requires the longest time for completion. |
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| Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) |
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Definition
| production system in which computers help workers design products, control machines, handle materials, and control the production function in an integrated fashion. |
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| power of a good or service to satisfy a want or need. |
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| System that continuously monitors the amount and location of a company’s stocks. |
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| offering the same marketing mix in every market. |
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| phase of production control that determines the sequence of work throughout the facility and specifies who will perform each aspect of production at what location. |
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| manufacturing technique that carries the product on a conveyor system past several workstations where workers perform specialized tasks. |
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| Reprogrammable machine capable of performing numerous tasks that require manipulation of materials and tools. |
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| Just-in-Time (JIT) System |
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Definition
| Broad management philosophy that reaches beyond the narrow activity of inventory control to influence the entire system of production and operations management. |
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Definition
| process of determining how well other companies perform business functions or tasks. |
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| Synthetic Production System |
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Definition
| the reverse of an analytic system. It combines a number of raw materials or parts or transforms raw materials to produce finished products. |
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| Marketing effort sponsored by an organization that solicits involvement by individuals who share common interests and activities. |
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| process of dividing a total market into several relatively homogeneous groups |
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| statistical characteristics of the segment of the market that might purchase a product. |
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| group of people toward whom an organization markets its goods, services, or ideas with a strategy designed to satisfy their specific needs and preferences. |
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| marketing strategy that focuses on the precise way a B2B purchaser will use a product. |
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Definition
| blending the four elements of marketing strategy—product, distribution, promotion, and pricing—to satisfy chosen customer segments. |
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Definition
| computer searches of customer data to detect patterns and relationships. |
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Definition
| actions of ultimate consumers directly involved in obtaining, consuming, and disposing of products and the decision processes that precede and follow these actions. |
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Definition
| orderly transfer of goods and services from the seller to the buyer; also called possession utility. |
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| activity in which two or more parties give something of value to each other to satisfy perceived needs. |
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Definition
| allows a firm to mass produce goods and services while adding unique features to individual or small groups of orders. |
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Definition
| marketing initiative that rewards frequent purchases with cash, rebates, merchandise, or other premiums. |
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Definition
| cooperative arrangement in which two businesses jointly market each other’s products. |
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Definition
| cooperative arrangement in which two or more businesses team up to closely link their names on a single product. |
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Definition
| availability of a good or service when customers want to purchase it. |
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