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| A Web 2.0 advertising product from Google. Vendors agree to pay a certain amount to Google for use of particular search words, which link to the vendor’s site. |
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| A Web 2.0 product from Google. Google searches an organization’s Web site and inserts ads that match content on that site; when users click on those ads, Google pays the organization a fee. |
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| (1) A variable that provides properties for an HTML tag. Each attribute has a standard name. For example, the attribute for a hyperlink is href, and its value indicates which Web page is to be displayed when the user clicks the link. (2) Characteristics of an entity. Example attributes of Order would be OrderNumber,OrderDate, SubTotal, Tax, Total, and so forth. Example attributes of Salesperson would be SalespersonName, Email, Phone, and so forth. |
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| Applications that match buyers and sellers by using an e-commerce version of a standard, competitive-bidding auction process. |
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| A prerelease version of software, used for testing. The beta program becomes obsolete when the final version is released. |
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| A program that processes the HTTP protocol; receives, displays, and processes HTML documents; and transmits responses. |
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| Phenomenon in which the variability in the size and timing of orders increases at each stage up the supply chain, from customer to supplier. |
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| Business-to-business (B2B) |
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Definition
| E-commerce sales between companies. |
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| Business-to-consumer (B2C) |
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| E-commerce sales between a supplier and a retail customer (the consumer). |
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| Business-to-government (B2G) |
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| E-commerce sales between companies and governmental organizations. |
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| In e-commerce, a conflict that may result between a manufacturer that wants to sell products directly to consumers and the retailers in the existing sales channels. |
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| Entity that provides goods and services at a stated price, prices and arranges for the delivery of the goods, but never takes title to the goods. |
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| In the three-tier architecture, the tier that runs the DBMS and receives and processes SQL requests to retrieve and store data. |
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| Elimination of one or more middle layers in the supply chain. |
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| The process of a program on one computer accessing programs on a second computer. |
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| The buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks. |
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Term
| Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) |
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Definition
| A standard for exchanging documents from machine to machine, electronically. In the past, EDI was used over point-to-point or value-added networks. Recently, EDI systems have been developed that use the Internet as well. |
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| Electronic data interchange (EDI) document standards and formats for use in transmitting documents over the Internet. |
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| Sites that facilitate the matching of buyers and sellers; the business process is similar to that of a stock exchange. Sellers offer goods at a given price through the electronic exchange, and buyers make offers to purchase over the same exchange. Price matches result in transactions from which the exchange takes a commission. |
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| eXtensible Markup Language (XML) |
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Definition
| A very important document standard that separates document content, structure, and presentation; eliminates problems in HTML; and offers advantages over EDI. Most believe XML will eventually replace EDI. |
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| Web 2.0 product that provides tools with which users can make custom modifications to maps provided by Google; My Maps is an example of a mashup. |
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| A pointer on a Web page to another Web page. A hyperlink contains the URL of the Web page to access when the user clicks the hyperlink. The URL can reference a page on the Web server that generated the page containing the hyperlink, or it can reference a page on another server. |
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| Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) |
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Definition
| A language that defines the structure and layout of Web page content. An HTML tag is a notation used to define a data element for display or other purposes. |
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| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) |
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Definition
| A Layer-5 protocol used to process Web pages. |
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| The combining of output from two or more Web sites into a single user experience. |
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| In e-commerce, companies that take title to the goods they sell. They buy goods and resell them. |
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| E-commerce companies that arrange for the purchase and sale of goods without ever owning or taking title to those goods. |
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| In e-commerce, a conflict that may result when manufacturers offer products at prices lower than those available through existing sales channels. |
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| A measure of the sensitivity in demand to changes in price. It is the ratio of the percentage change in quantity divided by the percentage change in price. |
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| As applied to computer applications, the term indicates that a solution is unique to and is owned by the organization that develops and pays for the system. |
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| See Distributed computing. |
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| In the three-tier architecture, the tier that consists of computers that run Web servers to generate Web pages and other data in response to requests from browsers. Web servers also process application programs. |
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| With Web services, an XML file that details what programs exist on another computer and how to communicate with those programs. |
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Term
| Service-oriented architecture (SOA) |
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Definition
| Processing philosophy that advocates that computing systems use a standard method to declare the services they provide and the interface by which those services can be requested and used. Web services are an implementation of SOA. |
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| Connections of people with similar interests. Today, social networks typically are supported by Web 2.0 technology. |
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Definition
| Business model whereby companies (such as Google, Amazon.com, and eBay) provide services based on their software, rather than providing software as a product (by means of software-usage licenses). Software as a service is an example of Web 2.0. |
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| Supplier relationship management (SRM) |
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Definition
| A business process for managing all contacts between an organization and its suppliers. |
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| A network of organizations and facilities that transforms raw materials into products delivered to customers. |
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| In markup languages such as HTML and XML, notation used to define a data element for display or other purposes. |
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| Architecture used by most e-commerce server applications. The tiers refer to three different classes of computers. The user tier consists of users’ computers that have browsers that request and process Web pages. The server tier consists of computers that run Web servers and in the process generate Web pages and other data in response to requests from browsers. Web servers also process application programs. The third tier is the database tier, which runs the DBMS that processes the database. |
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Definition
| In the three-tier architecture, the tier that consists of computers that have browsers that request and process Web pages. |
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| Generally, a loose cloud of capabilities, technologies, business models, and philosophies that characterize the new and emerging business uses of the Internet. |
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| A facility that runs multiple Web servers. Work is distributed among the computers in a Web farm so as to maximize throughput. |
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| Document encoded in HTML that is created, transmitted, and consumed using the World Wide Web. |
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| A program that processes the HTTP protocol and transmits Web pages on demand. Web servers also process application programs. |
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Definition
| In e-commerce, a Web-based application that enables customers to enter and manage their orders. |
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| World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) |
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Definition
| A body that sponsors the development and dissemination of Web standards. |
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| A marketing method used in the Web 2.0 world in which users spread news about products and services to one another. |
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| An XML document that specifies the structure of other XML documents. An XML schema is metadata for other XML documents. For example, a SalesOrder XML schema specifies the structure of SalesOrder documents. |
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Definition
| Sometimes called Web services; a set of standards that facilitate distributed computing using Internet technology. The goal of Web services is to provide a standardized way for programs to access one another remotely, without the need to develop proprietary solutions. |
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