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Chapter 8
Reaction Rates and Equilibrium
31
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
07/08/2006

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Term
spontaneous process
Definition
a reaction once started that proceeds on its own without external influence
Term
nonspontaneous process
Definition
requires continual input
Term
what two factors determine if a process will be spontaneous or not
Definition
energy change or entropy change
Term
if a process gives off energy it is considered
Definition
favorable
Term
if a process involves an increase in entropy, it is considered
Definition
favorable
Term
exergonic processes
Definition
give off energy
Term
endergonic proccesses
Definition
take in energy
Term
exotheremic and endothermic refer specificall to
Definition
heat
Term
units used for energy changes
Definition
kj/mol or kcal/mol
Term
energy cannot be (blank) but can be (blank)
Definition
created or destroyed, converted into another form of energy
Term
what two types of energy are often interconverted in chemical reactions
Definition
chemical and theremal
Term
entropy
Definition
disorder or chaos
Term
what is more probable, an ordered or disordered state
Definition
disordered
Term
units of entropy
Definition
cal/mol k or J/mol k
Term
do all spontaneous reactions occur at the same rate
Definition
no
Term
rate=
Definition
change in concentration/change in time
Term
reaction mechanism
Definition
the steps the molecules go through on the way from reactants to products
Term
what two things must be true of molecules for a chemical reaction to take place
Definition
molecules must collide and have proper orientation
Term
collisions must have enough energy to
Definition
break the bonds that already exist
Term
what will happen if the collisions don't have enough energy to break the bonds?
Definition
they will bounce off one another
Term
what four things does heat increase in a chemical reaction
Definition
energy, speed of molecules, number of collisions and force of collisions
Term
does it take enery to break bonds
Definition
yes
Term
is energy given off when bonds form?
Definition
yes
Term
there is always an energy barrier to a reaction proceeding as written. What is this called
Definition
activation energy
Term
The larger the activation energy the (blank) the rate.
Definition
slower
Term
The smaller the activation energy, the (blank) the rate
Definition
faster
Term
Is there any relationship between the activation energy and the energy change for the overall reaction
Definition
no
Term
How are two ways an increase in temperature increase the rate of reaction?
Definition
number of collisions, force of collisions
Term
how does an increase in concentration of reactants increase the rate of reaction
Definition
number of collisions
Term
how would you increase the rate of reaction when using a solid
Definition
increase the surface area
Term
how does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction?
Definition
It provides a new reaction pathway, which has a lower activation energy
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