C. independent, dependent

The experimental method is the quintessential scientific method because:

A. it is the most difficult research method.

B. it is the method most frequently used in laboratory research.

C. it doesn't require random sampling.

D. it is the only method that establishes cause and effect.

E. All of the above

D. it is the only method that establishes cause and effect.

Concerns with internal validity have to do with:

A. whether control and experimental groups are truly randomly selected.

B. whether the manipulation of the independent variable is the true cause of observed changes in the dependent variable.

C. whether the pre-test is the same as the post-test.

D. whether the experiments' results are generalizable.

E. whether selection biases are present.

B. whether the manipulation of the independent variable is the true cause of observed changes in the dependent variable.

External validity:

A. is the extent to which experimental results can be generalized.

B. varies inversely with the dependent variable.

C. increases our confidence that changes in the dependent variable were caused by exposure to the independent variable.

D. can be enhanced by pre-testing.

E. None of the above.

A. is the extent to which experimental results can be generalized.

in a true experiment, research subjects are:

A. randomly assigned either to the experimental or control group.

B. all part of the control group.

C. randomly assigned to either the independent or the dependent variable.

D. are all exposed to the experimental treatment.

E. randomly assigned to the independent variable, and nonrandomly assigned to the dependent variable.

A. randomly assigned either to the experimental or control group.

In a true experiment, the pre-test and post-test measure:

A. the effect of the treatment on the treatment group

B. the effect of no treatment on the control group

C. the difference between the treatment and control group

D. A, B, and C

E. Only A and B

D. A, B, and C

A Solomon four-group design experiment eliminates the threat to internal validity posed by:

A. the instrumentation effect

B. the maturation effect

C. the history effect

D. the testing effect

 E. the regression effect

D. the testing effect

Professor Dow Jones is conducting an experiment to test the effect of financial education on people's ability to manage credit card debt. The treatment involves 6 weekly classes. In week three of the research project the stock market drops by 63%. What type of threat does this pose to the validity of the experiment?

A. the instrumentation effect

B. the maturation effect

C. the history effect

D. the testing effect

E. the regression effect

C. the history effect

In the Hawthorne experiment all the workers at the factory were more productive regardless of whether the factory conditions were made better or worse. When we refer to the "Hawthorne effect" we are referring to:           

A. research subjects' reliability

B. research subjects' response to changes in their environment

C. research subjects' maturity

D. research subjects' consent to participate

E. research subjects' response to being studied

E. research subjects' response to being studied

The sociology department offers two research methods classes taught by the same professor but using different textbooks. Students are given an identical test at the end of the semester to evaluate which textbook was more effective. This research design is an example of:  

A. A true experimental design

B. A non-equivalent control group design

C. An ex-post facto control group design

D. An ispo facto control group design

B. A non-equivalent control group design