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Chapter 8, 9
N/A
38
Social Studies
10th Grade
04/03/2014

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Term
Twenty-Second Amendment
Definition
adopted in 1951, prevents a president from serving more than two terms, or more than ten years if he came to office via the death or impeachment of his predecessor
Term
impeachment
Definition
the power delegated to the House of Representatives in the Constitution to charge the president, or other "civil officers", including federal judges, with "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." This is the first step in the constitutional process of removing such government officials from office.
Term
executive privilege
Definition
an implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary
Term
U.S. vs. Nixon (1974)
Definition
Key Supreme Court ruling on power of the president, finding that there is no absolute constitutional executive privilege to allow a president to refuse to comply with a court order to produce information needed in a criminal trial
Term
Twenty-Fifth Amendment
Definition
Adopted in 1967 to establish procedures for filling vacancies in the office of president and vice president as well as providing for procedures to deal with the disability of a president
Term
Cabinet
Definition
formal body of presidential advisers who head the fifteen executive departments. Presidents often add others to this body of formal advisers.
Term
executive agreeement
Definition
formal government agreement entered into by the president that does not require the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate
Term
veto power
Definition
formal, constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress, thus preventing their becoming law without further Congressional action
Term
line-item veto
Definition
authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislature that involves taxing or spending. The legislature may override a veto, usually with a two-thirds majority of each chamber.
Term
War Powers Act
Definition
Passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period
Term
pardon
Definition
An executive grant providing registration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific individual charged or convicted of a crime
Term
inherent powers
Definition
powers of the president that can be derived or inferred from specific powers in the Constitution
Term
New Deal
Definition
The name given to the program of "Relief, Recovery, Reform" begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression
Term
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
Definition
Establishment created in 1939 to help the president oversee the executive branch bureaucracy
Term
patronage
Definition
Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support
Term
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Definition
The office that prepares the president's annual budget proposal, reviews the budget and programs of the executive departments, supplies economic forecasts, and conducts detailed analyses of proposed bills and agency rules
Term
executive order
Definition
Rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register
Term
bureaucracy
Definition
a set of complex hierarchical departments, agencies, commissions, and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out his or her duties. Bureaucracies may be private organizations of governmental units
Term
spoils system
Definition
The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party and their replacement with loyalists of the newly elected party
Term
patronage
Definition
jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends an political allies for their support
Term
Pendleton Act
Definition
Reform measure that created the Civil Service Commission to administer a partial merit system. The act classified the federal service by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination. It made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular political party.
Term
civil service system
Definition
The system created by civil service laws by which many appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made.
Term
merit system
Definition
The system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, to which appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive examinations.
Term
independent regulatory commisssion
Definition
An agency created by Congress that is generally concerned with a specific aspect of the economy.
Term
Hatch Act
Definition
Law enacted in 1939 to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate
Term
Federal Employees Political Activities Act
Definition
1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in non-partisan elections and to contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections
Term
departments
Definition
Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture
Term
government corporations
Definition
businesses established by Congress that perform functions that could be provided by private businesses
Term
independent executive agencies
Definition
Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have a narrower area of responsibility (such as the CIA) and are not part of any Cabinet department
Term
implementation
Definition
process by which a law or policy is put into operation by the bureaucracy
Term
iron triangles
Definition
The relatively stable relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among an agency, interest groups, and congressional committees or sub committees
Term
issue networks
Definition
The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas
Term
interagency councils
Definition
Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies
Term
administrative discretion
Definition
The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional intentions
Term
rule making
Definition
A quasi-legislative administrative process that has the characteristics of a legislative act
Term
regulations
Definition
rules that govern the operation of a particular government program that have the force of law
Term
administrative adjudication
Definition
A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes
Term
executive orders
Definition
Rules or regulations issued by the president that have the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register.
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