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| DNA and protein in a coiled rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division |
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| a protein molecule that DNA wraps around during chromosome formation |
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| proteins that are involved in controlling activity of specific regions of the DNA |
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| one of the 2 identical parts of a chromosome |
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| region on chromosome where 2 sister chromatids are held together; a site of attachment of the chromosome to the spindle fibers during mitosis |
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| chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism 2 types x and y. xx - girl and xy - male |
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| body chromosomes - you have 2 sets of 22 for a total of 44 autosomes |
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| humans have a total of 46 chromosomes |
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| a set of chromosomes; organism receives one copy from each autosome from each parent. They are the same size and shape and crry genes for the same traits |
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| a photomicrograph of a person's chromosomes it shows the # of chromosomes, size, shape and sex ( male or female) |
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| cells having 2 sets og chromosomes; abbreviated 2N = 46; both chromosomes of a homologous pair |
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| human sperm cells and egg celss; having only one chromosome of each homologous pair abbreviated N = 23 |
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| a type of reproduction in prokaryotic cells - asexual cell division of prokaryotes that produces identical offspring |
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| cell dividion in eukaryotes where the cytoplasm and the nucleus divide; results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to that of the original cell |
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| reproductive process that produces 4 haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organism |
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| repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell |
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| the division of the cytoplasm of the cell |
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| 2 pairs of dark spots containing a centriole in the animal cells but not in plant cells; spindle fibers radiate from the centrosome in mitosis |
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| a structure found in animal cells. These are attached to centrosome - a pair of small, cylindrical bodies |
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| made of microtubules that extend across a eukaryotic cell from the centrosomes in preparation for mitosis |
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| the array of spindle fibers that serve to divide the chromatids during nuclear division |
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| 2 types of fibers that make up the mitotic spindle |
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| 1 polar fibers and 2. kinetochore fibers |
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| fibers that extend across the dividing cell from centrosome to centrosome |
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| are attached to a disk shaped protein called a kinetochore. The kinetochore is found in the centromere regionof each chromosome. The fibers extend from the kinetochore from each chromatid to one of the centrosomes |
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| area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separatest he dividing cell into 2 new cells |
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| a membrane that divides newly forming plant cells following mitosis |
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| haploid reproductive cells - sex cells - sperm and egg cells - each contains 23 |
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| production of offspring from one parent - does not involve the union of gametes |
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| the production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from 2 parent organisms - production through the union of a sperm and an egg |
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| the production of mature egg cells or ova |
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| one of 2 small cells produced and discarded during each of the two meiotic divisions that yield the haploid egg |
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| the production of sperm cells |
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| sperm cells- a diploid reproductive cell divides meiotically to form 4 haploid cells |
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