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Chapter 8
Newspapers: The Rise and Decline of Modern Journalism
19
Communication
Undergraduate 2
02/07/2014

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Term
partisan press
Definition
An early dominant style of American journalism distinguished by opinion newspaper, which generally distinguished one political point of view or pushed the plan of the particular party that subsidized the paper.
Term
penny papers
Definition
Refers to newspapers that, because of technological innovations in printing, were able to drop their prince to one cent beginning in the 1830s, thereby making papers affordable to working and emerging middle class and enabling newspapers to become a genuine mass medium.
Term
human-interest stories
Definition
News accounts that focus on the trials and tribulations of the human condition, often featuring ordinary individuals facing extraordinary challenges.
Term
wire services
Definition
Commercial organizations, such as the Associated Press, that share news stories and information by relaying them around the country and the world, originally via telegraph and now via satellite.
Term
yellow journalism
Definition
A newspaper style or era that peaked in the 1890s, it emphasized high-interest stories, sensational crime news, large headlines, and serious reports that exposed corruption, particularly in business and government.
Term
investigative journalism
Definition
News reports that hunt out and expose corruption, particularly in business and government.
Term
objective journalism
Definition
A modern style of journalism that distinguishes factual reports from opinion columns; reporters strive to remain neutral toward the issue or event they cover, searching out competing points of view among the sources for a story.
Term
inverted-pyramid style
Definition
A style of journalism in which news reports begin with the most dramatic or newsworthy information- answering who, what, where, and when, questions at the top of the story- and then trail off with less significant details.
Term
interpretive journalism
Definition
A type of journalism that involves analyzing and explaining key issues or events and placing them in a broader historical or social context.
Term
literary journalism
Definition
News reports that adapt fictional storytelling techniques to nonfictional material; sometimes called new journalism.
Term
consensus-oriented journalism
Definition
Found in small communities, newspapers that promote social and economic harmony by providing community calendars and meeting notices and carrying articles on local schools, social events, town government, property crimes, and zoning issues.
Term
conflict-oriented journalism
Definition
Found in metropolitan areas, newspapers that define news primarily as events, issues, or experiences that deviate from social norms; journalists see their role as observers who monitor their city's institutions and problems.
Term
underground press
Definition
Radical newspapers, run on shoestring budgets, that questions mainstream political policies and conventional values; the term usually refers to a journalism movement of the 1960s.
Term
newshole
Definition
The space left over in a newspaper for news content after all the ads are placed.
Term
feature syndicates
Definition
Commercial outlets or brokers, such as United Features and King Features, that contract with newspapers to provide work from well-known political writers, editorial cartoonists, comic-strip artists, and self-help columnists.
Term
newspaper chain
Definition
A large company that owns several papers throughout the country.
Term
joint operating agreement (JOA)
Definition
In the newspaper industry, an economic arrangement, sanctioned by the government, that permits competing newspapers to operate separate editorial divisions while merging business and production operations.
Term
paywall
Definition
An online portal that charges consumers a fee for access to news content
Term
citizen journalism
Definition
A grassroots movement wherein activist amateurs and concerned citizens, not professional journalists, use the Internet and blogs to disseminate news and information.
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