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Definition
| The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information |
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Definition
| A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the -blank test |
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| A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously leaned, as on a multiple-choice test |
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Definition
| A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again |
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Definition
| The processing of informatin into the memory system - for example, by extracting meaning. |
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Definition
| The retetntion of encoded information over time |
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Definition
| The process of getting information out of memory storage |
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Definition
| The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
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Definition
| Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as seven digits of a phone number whild dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten |
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Term
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Definition
| The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences |
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Definition
| A newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on concious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory |
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Term
| Explicit Memory (Declarative memory) |
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Definition
| Memory of facts and experiences taht one can conciously know and "declare" |
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Definition
| Encoding that requires attention and concious effort |
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Term
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Definition
| Unconcious encoding of identical information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings |
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Term
| Implicit Memory (Nondeclarative Memory) |
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Definition
| Retention independent of concious recollection |
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Term
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Definition
| A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
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Definition
| A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
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Definition
| Organizing items into familiar, manegable units; often occurs automatically |
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Definition
| Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices |
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Definition
| The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhancing learning |
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Term
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Definition
| Encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words |
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Definition
| Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention |
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Term
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Definition
| A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage |
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Term
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Definition
| A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
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Term
| Which areas of the brain are associated with the development of explicit memories? |
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Definition
| The Frontal Lobes and Hippocampus |
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Term
| Which areas of the brain are associated with implicit memory formation? |
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Definition
| The Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia |
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Term
| Which area of the brain is associated with emotion-related memory formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) |
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Definition
| An increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory |
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Term
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Definition
| The more times he practiced saying nonsense syllables, the fewer repetetions required to learn it the next time (retention curve). He studied how much he retained after 30 days and found memory for novel information fades quickly, then levels off (forgetting curve) |
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Term
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Definition
| The activation, often unconciously, of particular associations in memory |
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Definition
| The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood |
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Definition
| Our tendency to recall best the last (a recency effect) and first items (a primacy effect) in a list |
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Term
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Definition
| And inability to form new memories |
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Term
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Definition
| An inability to retrieve information from one's past |
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Term
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Definition
| The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new infromation |
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Definition
| The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
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Term
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Definition
| In psychoanalyric theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories |
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Term
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Definition
| Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event |
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Term
| Source Amnesia (Source Misattribution) |
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Definition
| Attributing to the wrong source an event we hae experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories. |
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Term
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Definition
| That eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience |
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