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Chapter 8
Genetics
19
Biology
9th Grade
02/05/2009

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Term
Genetics
Definition
the science of heredity and of the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring
Term
Monohybrid Cross
Definition
A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits.
Term
true-breeding
Definition
describes organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait.
Term
P generation
Definition
parentel generation, the first 2 individuals that mate in a genetic cross
Term
F1 Generation
Definition
The first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms
Term
F2 Generation
Definition
The second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation.
Term
alleles
Definition
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Term
homozygous
Definition
describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes.
Term
heterozygous
Definition
describes an individual that has 2 different alleles for a trait.
Term
law of independent assortment
Definition
the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
Term
law of segregation
Definition
Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete.
Term
Punnett square
Definition
a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross
Term
test cross
Definition
the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown groups.
Term
pedigree
Definition
a diagram that shows the occurance of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.
Term
sex-linked gene's
Definition
a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans.
Term
polygenic inheritance
Definition
a characteristic of an organism that is determind by many genes.
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of
Term
codominance
Definition
a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed.
Term
multiple alleles
Definition
more than two alleles (versions of a gene) for a genetic trait.
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