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macromolecule
made up of repeating subunits known as amino acids |
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anti- clot
*helps prevent blood clots |
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building blocks of proteins
20 different types |
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| hold instructions to make certain proteins |
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| take information in DNA and make proteins |
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| all cells have exactly the same genetic composition, but depending on the type of cell different GENES are expressed. |
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| genetic make- up based on DNA |
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| physical attributes of organisms- based on expression of DNA and the environment. |
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*autosomal recessive trait
blood clots when/ where it shouldn't |
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| 1st part of gene: when and how much protein a gene makes |
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| alternative version of the same gene that has different nucleotide sequences |
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| determines the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein |
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| need 2 copies of the same allele in order to be expressed |
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| only need 1 copy of the same allele in order to be expressed |
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| cure disease by replacing defective genes with functional ones |
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| produce massive amounts of the drug in a relatively short period of time |
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| step two of making a transgenic organism |
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insert desired gene (antithrombin making) into nucleus
-offspring is a clone |
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| step three of making a transgenic organism |
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| isolate the desired protein |
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| transcription occurs in the: |
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| translation occurs in the: |
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-copies the coding sequence of DNA into mRNA
-polymerase causes RNA to absorb info from DNA to create a chain of amino acids
-makes single stranded DNA |
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-mRNA combines with ribosomes
-codon specifies a specific amino acid
-amino acids are added and the strand folds up into 3-D shape (protein) |
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transfer RNA
-brings appropriate amino acid to mRNA |
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